ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2025
Regional educational environment and its association with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis in South Korea (2013-2019).
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe educational environment's characteristics (e.g., class size) may affect attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis. We investigated changes in the number of individuals newly diagnosed with ADHD according to regional differences in educational conditions in South Korea.
methodsWith increasing class sizes, we hypothesized that teachers may experience more difficulty managing their students with hyperactive/impulsive symptoms or become less sensitive in detecting students with inattentive symptoms, causing a change in referrals for ADHD assessment. The annual number of ADHD diagnoses for each region was obtained from the National Health Insurance Service. The effects of educational conditions (i.e., number of students per teaching staff member, students per class, and private classes per 10,000 population) on newly diagnosed ADHD cases were analyzed separately for young people and adults.
resultsIn the final adjusted quasi-Poisson regression model without interactions, we observed a negative correlation between both the number of students per class and the number of private classes per 10,000 population and ADHD diagnosis in young people and adults. Further analysis revealed that a greater number of private classes in a region was associated with a decrease in ADHD diagnosis, especially in the lowest educated districts. By contrast, a higher number of students per class in kindergarten was associated with an increase in ADHD diagnosis, especially in the highest educated districts.
conclusionThe educational environment's regional characteristics may affect ADHD detection and diagnosis. This association's direction may vary according to the regional educational level. A different association may also be observed in younger children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
39966162What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.