Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39965976›Full record

ReviewCanadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien2025

Foreskin care: Hygiene, importance of counselling, and management of common complications.

Cale Leeson, Humberto Vigil, Luke Witherspoon

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Long-term monitoring needed for lichen sclerosus.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Cale LeesonUrology resident in the Division of Urology at the University of Ottawa in Ontario.
Humberto VigilUrologist and Assistant Professor in the Division of Urology at the University of Ottawa.
Luke WitherspoonUrologist in the Division of Urology at the University of Ottawa.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo highlight the escalating need for enhanced education on foreskin care among patients and health care providers, particularly as neonatal circumcision rates decline. SOURCES OF INFORMATION: This review is based on findings from a MEDLINE database search of the literature on care of the penile foreskin, foreskin complications, and their management. Articles were reviewed for relevance and quality of evidence was provided with the level of evidence in parentheses throughout the review. When available, evidence from systematic reviews, relevant clinical guidelines, and randomized controlled trials were incorporated. In the absence of high-level evidence, expert opinion on the topic was provided. MAIN MESSAGE: As neonatal circumcision rates decline, the importance of educating patients on proper foreskin care becomes increasingly vital to avoid complications later in life. This review highlights the role of primary care providers as crucial resources for patient education. Based on the available evidence, the following are reviewed: rates of circumcision in Canada and current circumcision practices; recommendations for routine foreskin care; and common preputial complications including urinary tract infections, pathologic phimosis, balanoposthitis, penile lichen sclerosus (balanitis xerotica obliterans), and penile cancer.

conclusionThis review explored current trends and practices in circumcision, routine foreskin care, and common complications seen in uncircumcised patients. There is a need for education that extends to allied health professionals working with patients in health care facilities. Primary care providers have an important role in facilitating education for patients and providing recommendations on proper penile hygiene.

Indexed as

Circumcision, MaleCounselingForeskinHygienePatient Education as TopicPenile DiseasesBalanitisBalanitis Xerotica ObliteransCanadaHumansInfant, NewbornLichen Sclerosus et AtrophicusMalePenile NeoplasmsPhimosisUrinary Tract Infections

Identifiers

PMID39965976
PMCPMC11998724

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.