Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39964715›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

Modeling energy requirements for oxygen production on the Moon.

Dorian Leger, Fardin Ghaffari-Tabrizi, Matthew Shaw, Joshua Rasera, David Dickson, Baptiste Valentin, Anton Morlock, Freja Thoresen, Aidan Cowley

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Dorian LegerSpaceship, European Astronaut Center, Exploration Preparation, Research and Technology Team (ExPeRT), Directorate of Human and Robotic Exploration, European Space Agency, Cologne 51147, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4492-2766
Fardin Ghaffari-TabriziSpaceship, European Astronaut Center, Exploration Preparation, Research and Technology Team (ExPeRT), Directorate of Human and Robotic Exploration, European Space Agency, Cologne 51147, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7205-293X
Matthew ShawFuture Mining Team, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Mineral Resources, Clayton VIC 3168, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-2676-8942
Joshua RaseraDepartment of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-0136-3308
David DicksonCenter for Space Resources, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, Colorado.
Baptiste ValentinSpaceship FR, Centre National d'Etudes Spatial, Toulouse 31400, France.ORCID 0009-0008-8665-6137
Anton MorlockKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
Freja ThoresenSpaceship, European Astronaut Center, Exploration Preparation, Research and Technology Team (ExPeRT), Directorate of Human and Robotic Exploration, European Space Agency, Cologne 51147, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2569-550X
Aidan CowleySpaceship, European Astronaut Center, Exploration Preparation, Research and Technology Team (ExPeRT), Directorate of Human and Robotic Exploration, European Space Agency, Cologne 51147, Germany.

Funding

European Space Agency (ESA) Department Spaceship EACSpaceRadar n/a
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Spacecraft using combustion engines require substantial amounts of oxygen for their propellant. The Moon could be a source of oxygen for rocket propellant, since the material composing the lunar surface can be processed to extract oxygen. However, little is known about overall energy requirements of the processes described in the literature for oxygen extraction from lunar regolith. This knowledge gap constrains the planning of lunar missions, since the scale of energy infrastructure required for oxygen production facilities is not well characterized. This study presents an energy consumption model for oxygen production via hydrogen reduction of the mineral ilmenite (FeTiO

Indexed as

energy requirementshydrogen reduction processin-situ resource utilizationlunar oxygen productionspace exploration

Identifiers

PMID39964715
PMCPMC11874342

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.