Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39964544›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging2025

IRMA: Machine learning-based harmonization of

S S Lövdal, R van Veen, G Carli, R J Renken, T Shiner, N Bregman, R Orad, D Arnaldi, B Orso, S Morbelli and 6 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Effect of genetic factors on [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

S S LövdalDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. s.s.lovdal@rug.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8219-6590
R van VeenBernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
G CarliDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
R J RenkenDepartment of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
T ShinerCognitive Neurology Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
N BregmanCognitive Neurology Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
R OradCognitive Neurology Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
D ArnaldiDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
B OrsoDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
S MorbelliNuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico S. Martino, Genoa, Italy.
P MattioliDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
K L LeendersDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
R DierckxDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
S K MelesDepartment of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
M BiehlBernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Funding

Stichting ParkinsonFonds 2022/1891
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeCenter-specific effects in PET brain scans arise due to differences in technical and procedural aspects. This restricts the merging of data between centers and introduces source-specific bias.

methodsWe demonstrate the use of the recently proposed machine learning method Iterated Relevance Matrix Analysis (IRMA) for harmonization of center-specific effects in brain

resultsAt the initial IRMA iteration, the system was able to determine the center origin of the four HC cohorts almost perfectly. The method required six iterations, corresponding to a six-dimensional subspace

conclusionIRMA can be used to learn and disregard center-specific information in features extracted from brain

Indexed as

BrainFluorodeoxyglucose F18Image Processing, Computer-AssistedMachine LearningPositron-Emission TomographyAgedAlzheimer DiseaseFemaleHumansMaleParkinson DiseaseFluorodeoxyglucose F18HarmonizationMachine learningNeurodegenerationNeuroimagingSite effect

Identifiers

PMID39964544
PMCPMC12162725

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.