ArticleRadiology2025
Disparities in Standard-of-Care, Advanced, and Same-Day Diagnostic Services among Patients with Abnormal Screening Mammography.
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Article in Radiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Breast cancer burden (1990-2040) in individuals aged 55 and above: a GBD 2021 analysis of global trends, sex-specific risk factors, and intervention impact.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Marissa B LawsonFrom the Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 825 Eastlake Ave E, LG-200, Seattle, WA 98109 (M.B.L.); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Wash (W.Z., D.L.M., E.J.A.B., E.S.O.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif (D.L.M.); Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.O.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (L.M.H.); Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (G.H.R.); Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Department of Veterans Affairs, General Internal Medicine Section, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Departments of Surgery and Radiology, University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt (B.L.S.); Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (A.N.A.T.); Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (R.M.d.A.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (R.M.d.A.); Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa (R.A.H.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L., C.I.L.); and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Wash (C.I.L.).ORCID 0000-0003-1021-4507
Weiwei ZhuFrom the Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 825 Eastlake Ave E, LG-200, Seattle, WA 98109 (M.B.L.); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Wash (W.Z., D.L.M., E.J.A.B., E.S.O.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif (D.L.M.); Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.O.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (L.M.H.); Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (G.H.R.); Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Department of Veterans Affairs, General Internal Medicine Section, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Departments of Surgery and Radiology, University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt (B.L.S.); Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (A.N.A.T.); Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (R.M.d.A.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (R.M.d.A.); Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa (R.A.H.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L., C.I.L.); and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Wash (C.I.L.).
Diana L MigliorettiFrom the Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 825 Eastlake Ave E, LG-200, Seattle, WA 98109 (M.B.L.); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Wash (W.Z., D.L.M., E.J.A.B., E.S.O.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif (D.L.M.); Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.O.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (L.M.H.); Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (G.H.R.); Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Department of Veterans Affairs, General Internal Medicine Section, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Departments of Surgery and Radiology, University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt (B.L.S.); Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (A.N.A.T.); Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (R.M.d.A.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (R.M.d.A.); Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa (R.A.H.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L., C.I.L.); and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Wash (C.I.L.).ORCID 0000-0002-5547-1833
Tracy OnegaFrom the Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 825 Eastlake Ave E, LG-200, Seattle, WA 98109 (M.B.L.); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Wash (W.Z., D.L.M., E.J.A.B., E.S.O.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif (D.L.M.); Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.O.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (L.M.H.); Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (G.H.R.); Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Department of Veterans Affairs, General Internal Medicine Section, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Departments of Surgery and Radiology, University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt (B.L.S.); Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (A.N.A.T.); Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (R.M.d.A.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (R.M.d.A.); Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa (R.A.H.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L., C.I.L.); and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Wash (C.I.L.).
Louise M HendersonFrom the Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 825 Eastlake Ave E, LG-200, Seattle, WA 98109 (M.B.L.); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Wash (W.Z., D.L.M., E.J.A.B., E.S.O.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif (D.L.M.); Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.O.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (L.M.H.); Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (G.H.R.); Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Department of Veterans Affairs, General Internal Medicine Section, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Departments of Surgery and Radiology, University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt (B.L.S.); Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (A.N.A.T.); Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (R.M.d.A.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (R.M.d.A.); Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa (R.A.H.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L., C.I.L.); and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Wash (C.I.L.).ORCID 0000-0001-8356-9267
Garth H RauscherFrom the Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 825 Eastlake Ave E, LG-200, Seattle, WA 98109 (M.B.L.); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Wash (W.Z., D.L.M., E.J.A.B., E.S.O.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif (D.L.M.); Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.O.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (L.M.H.); Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (G.H.R.); Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Department of Veterans Affairs, General Internal Medicine Section, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Departments of Surgery and Radiology, University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt (B.L.S.); Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (A.N.A.T.); Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (R.M.d.A.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (R.M.d.A.); Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa (R.A.H.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L., C.I.L.); and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Wash (C.I.L.).ORCID 0000-0003-0374-944X
Karla KerlikowskeFrom the Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 825 Eastlake Ave E, LG-200, Seattle, WA 98109 (M.B.L.); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Wash (W.Z., D.L.M., E.J.A.B., E.S.O.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif (D.L.M.); Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.O.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (L.M.H.); Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (G.H.R.); Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Department of Veterans Affairs, General Internal Medicine Section, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Departments of Surgery and Radiology, University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt (B.L.S.); Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (A.N.A.T.); Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (R.M.d.A.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (R.M.d.A.); Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa (R.A.H.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L., C.I.L.); and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Wash (C.I.L.).ORCID 0000-0001-8793-8779
Brian L SpragueFrom the Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 825 Eastlake Ave E, LG-200, Seattle, WA 98109 (M.B.L.); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Wash (W.Z., D.L.M., E.J.A.B., E.S.O.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif (D.L.M.); Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.O.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (L.M.H.); Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (G.H.R.); Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Department of Veterans Affairs, General Internal Medicine Section, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Departments of Surgery and Radiology, University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt (B.L.S.); Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (A.N.A.T.); Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (R.M.d.A.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (R.M.d.A.); Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa (R.A.H.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L., C.I.L.); and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Wash (C.I.L.).ORCID 0000-0001-7948-8317
Erin J A BowlesFrom the Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 825 Eastlake Ave E, LG-200, Seattle, WA 98109 (M.B.L.); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Wash (W.Z., D.L.M., E.J.A.B., E.S.O.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif (D.L.M.); Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.O.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (L.M.H.); Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (G.H.R.); Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Department of Veterans Affairs, General Internal Medicine Section, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Departments of Surgery and Radiology, University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt (B.L.S.); Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (A.N.A.T.); Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (R.M.d.A.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (R.M.d.A.); Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa (R.A.H.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L., C.I.L.); and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Wash (C.I.L.).ORCID 0000-0001-6287-7391
Ellen S O'MearaFrom the Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 825 Eastlake Ave E, LG-200, Seattle, WA 98109 (M.B.L.); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Wash (W.Z., D.L.M., E.J.A.B., E.S.O.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif (D.L.M.); Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.O.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (L.M.H.); Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (G.H.R.); Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Department of Veterans Affairs, General Internal Medicine Section, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Departments of Surgery and Radiology, University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt (B.L.S.); Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (A.N.A.T.); Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (R.M.d.A.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (R.M.d.A.); Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa (R.A.H.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L., C.I.L.); and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Wash (C.I.L.).
Anna N A TostesonFrom the Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 825 Eastlake Ave E, LG-200, Seattle, WA 98109 (M.B.L.); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Wash (W.Z., D.L.M., E.J.A.B., E.S.O.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif (D.L.M.); Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.O.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (L.M.H.); Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (G.H.R.); Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Department of Veterans Affairs, General Internal Medicine Section, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Departments of Surgery and Radiology, University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt (B.L.S.); Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (A.N.A.T.); Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (R.M.d.A.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (R.M.d.A.); Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa (R.A.H.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L., C.I.L.); and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Wash (C.I.L.).ORCID 0000-0001-7718-8943
Roberta M diFlorio-AlexanderFrom the Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 825 Eastlake Ave E, LG-200, Seattle, WA 98109 (M.B.L.); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Wash (W.Z., D.L.M., E.J.A.B., E.S.O.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif (D.L.M.); Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.O.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (L.M.H.); Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (G.H.R.); Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Department of Veterans Affairs, General Internal Medicine Section, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Departments of Surgery and Radiology, University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt (B.L.S.); Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (A.N.A.T.); Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (R.M.d.A.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (R.M.d.A.); Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa (R.A.H.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L., C.I.L.); and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Wash (C.I.L.).ORCID 0000-0003-0589-8158
Rebecca A HubbardFrom the Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 825 Eastlake Ave E, LG-200, Seattle, WA 98109 (M.B.L.); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Wash (W.Z., D.L.M., E.J.A.B., E.S.O.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif (D.L.M.); Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.O.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (L.M.H.); Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (G.H.R.); Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Department of Veterans Affairs, General Internal Medicine Section, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Departments of Surgery and Radiology, University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt (B.L.S.); Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (A.N.A.T.); Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (R.M.d.A.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (R.M.d.A.); Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa (R.A.H.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L., C.I.L.); and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Wash (C.I.L.).ORCID 0000-0003-0879-0994
Janie M LeeFrom the Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 825 Eastlake Ave E, LG-200, Seattle, WA 98109 (M.B.L.); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Wash (W.Z., D.L.M., E.J.A.B., E.S.O.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif (D.L.M.); Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.O.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (L.M.H.); Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (G.H.R.); Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Department of Veterans Affairs, General Internal Medicine Section, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Departments of Surgery and Radiology, University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt (B.L.S.); Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (A.N.A.T.); Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (R.M.d.A.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (R.M.d.A.); Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa (R.A.H.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L., C.I.L.); and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Wash (C.I.L.).ORCID 0000-0002-6452-8168
Christoph I LeeFrom the Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, 825 Eastlake Ave E, LG-200, Seattle, WA 98109 (M.B.L.); Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Wash (W.Z., D.L.M., E.J.A.B., E.S.O.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, Calif (D.L.M.); Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (T.O.); Departments of Radiology and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (L.M.H.); Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (G.H.R.); Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Department of Veterans Affairs, General Internal Medicine Section, University of California, San Francisco, Calif (K.K.); Departments of Surgery and Radiology, University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt (B.L.S.); Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (A.N.A.T.); Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (R.M.d.A.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (R.M.d.A.); Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa (R.A.H.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L.); Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash (J.M.L., C.I.L.); and Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Wash (C.I.L.).
Funding
Translational Engineering in Cancer (TEC)P30CA023108 · NCI · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · PI Fred W Kolling IV · 1985 to 2026
$91.3MRisk-based Imaging Strategies to Improve Breast Cancer Surveillance OutcomesP01CA154292 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI KARLA M KERLIKOWSKE · 2011 to 2026
$52.9MUnderstanding Factors Influencing COVID-19 Testing and Vaccination in Immigrant Low-income and Homeless Populations and Testing Targeted InterventionsU54GM115516 · NIGMS · MAINEHEALTH · PI Susan L SANTANGELO · 2017 to 2026
$51.6MRacial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Breast Cancer Diagnostic Work Up and OutcomesR01CA266377 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI LEE, CHRISTOPH I · 2021 to 2025
$3.1MGroup Health Cancer Research Program Research Specialist AwardR50CA211115 · NCI · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI BOWLES, ERIN JANELLE AIELLO · 2017 to 2021
$919kNCI NIH HHS P01 CA154292NCI NIH HHS P30 CA023108NCI NIH HHS R01 CA266377NCI NIH HHS R50 CA211115NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115516
Abstract
Background Diagnostic imaging and biopsy are used to evaluate abnormal screening mammography. Differences in on-site availability and receipt of these diagnostic services may contribute to disparities in breast cancer outcomes across sociodemographic groups. Purpose To identify multilevel factors associated with on-site availability and receipt of diagnostic imaging and biopsy after screening mammography. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included female patients (age range, 40-89 years) who underwent screening mammography at 136 facilities in the United States from January 2010 to December 2020. The primary exposure variables were race and ethnicity and neighborhood-level educational attainment, household income, and rurality. The adjustment variables were age, breast density, breast biopsy history, personal and family history of breast cancer, time from prior mammographic examination to screening mammography, screening modality, facility academic affiliation, and screening examination year. The relative risk (RR) of factors for on-site availability at screening facilities and undergoing standard-of-care imaging (ie, mammography and/or US) and advanced diagnostic imaging (ie, digital breast tomosynthesis, MRI) and biopsy, and undergoing any same-day diagnostic service and biopsy were estimated using modified Poisson regression. Results In total, 1 123 177 female patients (median age, 59 years; IQR, 51-67 years) underwent 3 519 502 screening mammographic examinations: 10.3% Asian patients (362 440 of 3 519 502), 12.7% Black patients (447 777 of 3 519 502), 6.5% Hispanic patients (227 177 of 3 519 502), 68.3% White patients (2 403 159 of 3 519 502), and 2.2% all other races and ethnicities (78 949 of 3 519 502). In most fully adjusted models, race or ethnicity and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status were not associated with on-site diagnostic service availability. However, compared with White patients, patients belonging to racial and ethnic minority groups were less likely to undergo same-day diagnostic services after abnormal screening mammography (Asian patients: RR, 0.74 [95% CI: 0.64, 0.85]; Black patients: RR, 0.56 [95% CI: 0.49, 0.63]; Hispanic patients: RR, 0.61 [95% CI: 0.52, 0.71]). Black patients were less likely to undergo same-day biopsies after an abnormal diagnostic workup (RR, 0.46; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.65). Conclusion Although no evidence existed that on-site diagnostic service availability varied by race and ethnicity in most models, patients in racial and ethnic minority groups were less likely to be provided same-day diagnostic services and Black patients were less likely to undergo same-day biopsy. © RSNA, 2025
Indexed as
Breast NeoplasmsHealthcare DisparitiesHealth Services AccessibilityMammographyAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBiopsyEarly Detection of CancerFemaleHumansMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesUnited States
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.