Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39963971›Full record

Observational studyeLife2025

The relationship between gut and nasopharyngeal microbiome composition can predict the severity of COVID-19.

Benita Martin-Castaño, Patricia Diez-Echave, Jorge García-García, Laura Hidalgo-García, Antonio Jesús Ruiz-Malagon, José Alberto Molina-Tijeras, María Jesús Rodríguez-Sojo, Anaïs Redruello-Romero, Margarita Martínez-Zaldívar, Emilio Mota and 16 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
In one paragraph

Observational study in eLife, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Microbiome-Metabolome Crosstalk as a Driver of COVID-19 Severity.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Benita Martin-Castaño *Centro de Salud Las Gabias, Distrito Granada-Metropolitano, Granada, Spain.
Patricia Diez-Echave *Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
Jorge García-GarcíaInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0925-9441
Laura Hidalgo-GarcíaInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
Antonio Jesús Ruiz-MalagonInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
José Alberto Molina-TijerasInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
María Jesús Rodríguez-SojoInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
Anaïs Redruello-RomeroInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
Margarita Martínez-ZaldívarInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
Emilio MotaCentro de Salud "Salvador Caballero", Distrito Granada-Metropolitano, Granada, Spain.
Fernando CoboServicio Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
Xando Díaz-VillamarinInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0849-9902
Marta Alvarez-EstevezInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
Federico GarcíaInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
Concepción Morales-GarcíaRespiratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
Silvia MerlosRespiratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
Paula Garcia-FloresRespiratory Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
Manuel Colmenero-RuizInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
José Hernández-QueroInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
Maria NuñezInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
Maria Elena Rodriguez-CabezasInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
Angel CarazoInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
Javier MartinDepartment of Cell Biology and Immunology, Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
Rocio MoronInstituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
Alba Rodríguez Nogales *Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1927-0628
Julio Galvez *Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6876-3782

Funding

Junta de Andalucía CV20-99908
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that displays great variability in clinical phenotype. Many factors have been described to be correlated with its severity, and microbiota could play a key role in the infection, progression, and outcome of the disease. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with nasopharyngeal and gut dysbiosis and higher abundance of opportunistic pathogens. To identify new prognostic markers for the disease, a multicentre prospective observational cohort study was carried out in COVID-19 patients divided into three cohorts based on symptomatology: mild (n = 24), moderate (n = 51), and severe/critical (n = 31). Faecal and nasopharyngeal samples were taken, and the microbiota was analysed. Linear discriminant analysis identified

Indexed as

COVID-19Gastrointestinal MicrobiomeNasopharynxAdultAgedDysbiosisFecesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisProspective StudiesSARS-CoV-2Severity of Illness Indexhumanimmunologyinfectious diseaseinflammationmicrobiologymicrobiomenasopharyngealSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID39963971
PMCPMC11835386

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.