Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39963959›Full record

ArticleGlobal health action2025

Comparing AI and human-generated health messages in an Arabic cultural context.

Syed Ali Hussain, Ralf Schmälzle, Sue Lim, Nassir Bouali

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Global health action, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Disseminating Health Prevention Programs Using AI-Crafted, Culturally Tailored Ads for Somali American Adolescents.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Syed Ali HussainCollege of Communication, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.ORCID 0000-0002-2704-4551
Ralf SchmälzleDepartment of Communication, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0179-1364
Sue LimDepartment of Communication, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7559-1317
Nassir BoualiCollege of Communication, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.ORCID 0000-0003-1890-6233

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAI is rapidly transforming the design of communication messages across various sectors, including health and safety. However, little is known about its effectiveness for roughly 420 million native Arabic speakers worldwide.

objectiveThis study examined characteristics of AI vs. human-generated road safety messages for a potential roadside billboard campaign in the United Arab Emirates.

methodThe study includes a computational analysis and an online evaluation with 186 participants from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), comparing messages generated by AI with those created by humans. To achieve this, an AI model (GPT-4) was utilized to generate 15 road safety messages, while three human experts created another set of 15 messages. Computational text analysis was employed to examine these messages, followed by an online study in which human participants evaluated all messages based on message clarity and message quality.

resultsThe computational analysis revealed that AI-generated messages exhibited more positive sentiment with no significant differences in terms of readability/text difficulty. Participants evaluated both AI- and human-generated messages highly in terms of message quality and clarity, but human-generated messages were rated as slightly and significantly higher in terms of clarity.

conclusionThese results add to a rapidly growing body of research demonstrating that AI-generated messages can augment public communication campaigns and point towards the need to assess how diverse, international audiences respond to AI-generated content.

Indexed as

Accidents, TrafficArtificial IntelligenceHealth CommunicationHealth PromotionAdultFemaleHumansMaleUnited Arab Emiratesgenerative AILarge Language Model (LLM)message evaluationRoad safety messagingUnited Arab Emirates

Identifiers

PMID39963959
PMCPMC11837920

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.