ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2025
Effectiveness of Intraoperative Ketorolac in Outpatient Breast Surgery: A Double-blinded Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Perioperative Ketorolac and Hematoma Following Breast Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Optimizing Pain Control While Minimizing Hematoma Risk: A Call for Dose- and Timing-Specific Studies.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Ketorolac in Breast Reduction: Balancing Analgesia and Bleeding Risk.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The use of nonnarcotic analgesics, such as ketorolac, has been shown to reduce postoperative pain and opioid consumption. This double-blinded randomized trial is designed to assess the efficacy of intraoperative ketorolac in reducing postoperative narcotic use in outpatient breast reconstruction and reduction procedures. Methods: This study is a prospective double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Adult patients, 18-64 years of age, undergoing breast surgery were randomized to receive 15 mg of ketorolac, 30 mg of ketorolac, or a placebo dose of saline. Patients' opioid requirements in the postoperative anesthesia care unit and postoperative opioid utilization and pain scores were collected through a daily survey. Postoperative hematomas were assessed before discharge and at subsequent follow-up visits for a period of 14 days. Results: Of the 63 patients included in the study, 31 patients underwent delayed reconstruction following mastectomy and 35 patients underwent breast reduction surgery. Patients who received 30 mg of ketorolac had the fastest pain resolution ( Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a single dose of intraoperative ketorolac was associated with reduced opioid usage and postoperative pain. However, due to the study size, the difference in hematoma rate was not statistically significant.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.