ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2025
Postpartum changes in maternal physiology and milk composition: a comprehensive database for developing lactation physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Published Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models for Drug Excretion Into Human Breastmilk: Knowledge Gaps and Opportunities to Optimize Reporting and Modeling Practices.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- A White Paper on Advancing Long-Acting Therapeutics for Maternal and Pediatric Health by Bridging Gaps in Clinical Research, Access and Regulation.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Review
- Dual hypocretin receptor antagonists enhance sleep and nursing behavior in lactating rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Maternal expression and breast milk transfer of an mRNA- encoded monoclonal antibody in a murine model of cholera.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Hydroxyurea in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Special Focus on Lactating Women and Breastfed Infants to Inform Safe Dosing and Breastfeeding Strategies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impact of lactation stage, maternal age, and parity on mammary epithelial cell populations in fresh milk.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Application of Lactation Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Predict Milk Exposure of Passively Diffused Drugs.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- A cross-sectional study of macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive components in human milk of approved milk bank donors from low-, middle-, and high-income countries.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Pharmacotherapy during lactation often lacks reliable drug safety data, resulting in delayed treatment or early cessation of breastfeeding. Methods: This study aimed to collect and analyze data on the longitudinal changes in various physiological parameters that can affect drug distribution into breast milk during lactation. Following meta-analysis of the collated data, mathematical functions were fitted to the available data for each parameter. The best-performing functions were selected through numerical and visual diagnostics. Results and Discussion: The literature search identified 230 studies, yielding a dataset of 36,689 data points from 20,801 postpartum women, covering data from immediately after childbirth to 12 months postpartum. Sufficient data were obtained to describe postpartum changes in maternal plasma volume, breast volume, cardiac output, glomerular filtration rate, haematocrit, human serum albumin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, milk pH, milk volume, milk fat, milk protein, milk water content, and daily infant milk intake. Although data beyond 7 months postpartum were limited for some parameters, mathematical functions were generated for all parameters. These functions can be integrated into lactation PBPK models to increase their predictive power and better inform medication efficacy and safety for breastfeeding women.
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