ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Exploring the exoproteome of the parasitic nematode
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Anisakiasis: A Decade of Molecular and Diagnostic Advancements (2015-2026).International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory effects of nematode-microbiota interactions in cancer therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Coupled transcriptome and proteome analysis of L3 and L4 developmental stages of Anisakis simplex s. s.: insights into target genes under glucose influence.BMC genomics · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Anisakis simplex sensu stricto (s. s.) is one of the most widespread parasitic nematodes of marine organisms, with humans as accidental hosts. While many studies have explored nematode biology and host interactions, the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as signaling molecules in parasitic nematodes is less understood. Materials and methods: Therefore, the proteins present in the EVs of A. simplex (s. s.) (Anis-EVs) were identified. In addition, a cross-talk proteomic approach was used to identify differentially regulated proteins (DRPs) in the proteome of the human intestinal epithelial cell line (Caco-2) co-cultured with L3 larvae of A. simplex (s. s.) or directly exposed to two concentrations (low or high) of Anis-EVs. In addition, DRPs were identified in the proteome of A. simplex (s. s.) larvae affected by co-culture with Caco-2. To achieve this goal, the shotgun proteomics method based on isobaric mass labeling (via tandem mass tags; TMT) was used with a combination of nano high-performance liquid chromatography (nLC) coupled with an LTQ-Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer. In addition, ELISA assays were used to demonstrate if Caco-2 respond to A. simplex (s. s.) larvae and Anis-EVs with significant changes in selected cytokines secretion. Results: The results of this study indicate the anti-inflammatory character of Anis-EVs in relation to Caco-2. At the same time, direct treatment with Anis-EVs resulted in more significant changes in the Caco-2 proteome than co-culture with L3 larvae. Discussion: The results obtained should lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of A. simplex (s. s.) infection in humans and will complement the existing knowledge on the role of EVs in host-parasite communication.
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