ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
CAR-CIK vs. CAR-T: benchmarking novel cytokine-induced killer cells as solid tumor immunotherapy in ErbB2+ rhabdomyosarcoma.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- First-in-Human Study of IL15-Activated Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells After Allogeneic HCT Shows Durable Remission and Serotherapy-Associated Immune Reconstitution in Leukemia.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026Trial
- Role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in malignancies: current status and future prospects.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Advances in improving cancer immunotherapy with nanotechnology: from smart nanoparticles to synergistic combination strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Implications of DNA damage response and immunotherapy in tumor therapy.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Towards directed therapy for fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2025Review
- Tumor-Immune Interactions in Pediatric Oral Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Narrative Review on Immuno-Oncology and Emerging Therapies.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Dual targeting of solid tumors using cytokine-induced killer cells modified with a CAR anti-tenascin C and a secretable EGFRxCD3 bispecific antibody.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Emerging CAR immunotherapies: broadening therapeutic horizons beyond cancer.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Emerging strategies in colorectal cancer immunotherapy: enhancing efficacy and survival.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Current landscape of CAR-therapy for osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Engineered immune cell therapies for solid tumors: pharmacological advances, clinical outcomes, and future directions.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: CAR-T cell therapy, though successful in hematologic malignancies, faces challenges in solid tumors due to limitations of autologous T cells. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells can be given safely across allogeneic barriers and constitute alternative effector cells generated from healthy donors. CIK cells are a heterogenous population of predominantly T cells with a mixed natural killer (NK) phenotype and combine non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity with potent anti-tumor capacity of the adaptive immune system. Here, we characterize and compare efficacy, phenotypic subpopulations and modes of action of CAR-CIK cells and conventional CAR-T cells from same-donor samples in ErbB2+ rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Methods: To benchmark CAR-CIK against conventional CAR-T cells, effector cells were generated from same-donor samples and lentivirally transduced with a second generation CD28-CD3ζ CAR. Effector subpopulations and their dynamics upon target cell exposure were phenotypically characterized by flow cytometry. Efficacy was assessed in human ErbB2+ RMS cancer cell lines and primary patient samples Results: Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that CAR-CIK cells are at least equipotent to CAR-T cells. Combined with their favorable safety profile and allogeneic applicability, these findings position CAR-CIK cells as promising immune effectors for solid tumors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.