ArticleEuropean journal of anaesthesiology2025
Anaesthesia as a risk factor for long-term cognitive decline: Results of the prospective MAAS cohort study.
Article in European journal of anaesthesiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of pericapsular nerve group block on postoperative cognitive function in older patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.Die Anaesthesiologie · 2026Trial
- Impact of desflurane versus isoflurane on early cognitive function of the elderly undergoing lumbar surgery: a randomized clinical trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- Association of General Anesthesia Exposure with Cognitive Outcomes in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Korean Cohort.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Multi-omics analysis reveals sevoflurane exacerbates cognitive impairment in diabetic mice by disrupting lipid metabolism.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Rethinking Mechanical Ventilation: Can Ventilation Mode Influence Long-Term Cognitive Outcomes in ICU Patients with COVID-19?Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- [Efficacy and safety of super electroconvulsive therapy for treatment-resistant depression: a retrospective analysis of 292 cases].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026Article
- Clarifying the postsurgical persistent pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the role of intravenous lidocaine.Pain reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThere are concerns whether (repeated) exposure to general anaesthesia is associated with long-term cognitive decline.
objectiveWe investigated the potential, negative relationship between total exposure to surgery under general anaesthesia and its impact on long-term cognitive development.
designA prospective longitudinal cohort study.
settingThe Netherlands.
participants1823 Adults, aged 25-84 with normal cognitive functioning on inclusion with three serial cognitive assessments between 1995 and 2008, with comprehensive documentation on demographic, lifestyle, and health factors.
main outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were test scores in the cognitive domains of learning and memory, executive function, selective attention, mental speed, and information processing speed. Linear mixed models were used to analyse the effects of the estimated total time under general anaesthesia at baseline on cognitive development during a 12-year follow-up period.
resultsWhen adjusting for demographic and systemic health-related factors, prolonged exposure to surgery under general anaesthesia (measured in total baseline minutes) negatively affected three cognitive domains. These included the CST (executive functioning, P < 0.05), Stroop (selective attention and mental speed, P < 0.001) and LDST (information processing speed, P < 0.005). Age and education were the primary factors impacting lifetime cognitive decline. Hypertension, diabetes, and smoking negatively affected various cognitive domains.
conclusionIncreased exposure to surgery under general anaesthesia independently contributes to long-term cognitive decline. Demographic variables and health-related factors are key contributors to accelerated cognitive decline over an individual's lifetime.
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