ReviewBiomolecules & therapeutics2025
Pro-Oxidative and Inflammatory Actions of Extracellular Hemoglobin and Heme: Molecular Events and Implications for Alzheimer's and Parkinson Disease.
Review in Biomolecules & therapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- The resurgence of whole blood transfusion: Evaluating microcirculatory evidence in hemorrhagic trauma care: A review.Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis · 2026Review
- Personalized metabolite biomarker predictions reveal heterogeneous characteristics of Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Navigating the New Therapeutic Landscape: Innovative Strategies for Overcoming Resistance and Degeneration.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Parkinson's Disease: The Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Molecular Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Therapy.MedComm · 2025Review
- The role of neutrophils, red blood cells, and platelets in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) and heme, which are typically confined within red blood cells (RBCs), are essential for intravascular transport of gases and nutrients. However, these molecules acquire secondary functions upon exposure to the extracellular environment. Hb and heme generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are potent pro-inflammatory agents that contribute to oxidative stress and cellular damage. These events are relevant to neurodegenerative processes, where oxidative stress, irregular deposition of protein aggregates, and chronic inflammation are key pathological features. Extracellular Hb, heme, and oxidative stress derived from hemorrhagic events or RBC lysis may contribute to increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. These events allow Hb and heme to interact with neuroimmune cells and pathological protein aggregates, further amplifying pro-inflammatory signaling and the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD). Chronic neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction lead to neuronal degeneration. Here, we sought to elucidate the pro-oxidative and inflammatory actions of extracellular Hb and heme, emphasizing their potential impact on AD and PD development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.