ArticleParasites & vectors2025
Effect of the flavonoid compound glabridin on tachyzoites and bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Parasitic diseases in heart transplantation: challenges of Toxoplasmosis and Chagas Disease.JHLT open · 2026Review
- In Vitro Inhibitory Activity of Corilagin and Punicalagin AgainstAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundToxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is one of the most prevalent parasites worldwide. At present, the majority of drugs used for the treatment of toxoplasmosis target the tachyzoite stage of T. gondii and are largely ineffective against bradyzoites. Furthermore, these treatments are typically accompanied by adverse events. Consequently, there is an urgent need for the development of novel drugs that are both safe and effective against T. gondii.
methodsA total of 20 flavonoids were preliminarily screened for their anti-T. gondii activity using microscopy. Next, the cell counting kit (CCK)-8 method was employed to assess the toxicity of glabridin (GLA) to host cells, while the RH strain of T.0gondii, which expresses β-galactosidase, was utilized to evaluate the inhibitory, anti-invasive, and antiproliferative effects of GLA on T. gondii. In addition, the Prugniaud (PRU) strain was employed to investigate the impact of GLA on the bradyzoites of T. gondii. Subsequently, the effect of GLA on the ultrastructure of T. gondii was examined via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), followed by an assessment of the influence of GLA on the autophagy and mitochondria of T. gondii through monodansylcadaverine (MDC), MitoTracker
resultsAmong the 20 flavonoids assessed, GLA exhibited the most potent anti-T. gondii activity. Indeed, it significantly inhibited both the invasive and proliferative abilities of T. gondii, thereby disrupting its lytic cycle. Moreover, GLA markedly reduced the number of bradyzoites and concurrently inhibited cyst growth. Meanwhile, ultrastructural analysis revealed that GLA induced mitochondrial swelling, membrane rupture, and autophagy in T. gondii. Finally, fluorescent probe staining provided further evidence that GLA triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy in this parasite.
conclusionsOur findings collectively indicate that the flavonoid compound GLA exhibits significant activity against both T. gondii tachyzoites and bradyzoites. The underlying mechanism of action potentially involves the induction of autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction and the disruption of the membrane of T. gondii, thereby offering new avenues for treating toxoplasmosis and establishing a theoretical reference for future research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.