ArticleMolecular brain2025
Sodium butyrate attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by modulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and microbiome-gut-brain axis in cardiac arrest mice.
Article in Molecular brain, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) profiles as a biomarker of gut-brain axis dysfunction: A meta-analysis for the SCFA signature in major depression.Biomedical journal · 2026Pooled it
- ELAVL3 Exacerbates Brain Injury and Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice After Cardiac Arrest by Increasing S100B mRNA Stability to Promote Microglia Activation.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Article
- Current evidence and emerging therapeutic strategies for non-exercise interventions in sarcopenia associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a narrative review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Microglia-Mediated Ependymal Injury in Bacille Calmette-Guérin-Induced Meningitis Is Attenuated by Sodium Butyrate with Restoration of Hmgcs2 Expression.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Short-Chain Fatty Acid-Dependent Neuroimmune Regulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder Pathogenesis.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Review
- From the Pain Matrix to Functional Networks: A Narrative Review of Chronic Pain Mechanisms Across Adult and Pediatric Populations with Emerging AI Perspectives.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Short-chain fatty acid-producing psychobiotics in mood disorders: mechanistic insights into the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Clinical nutrition research · 2026Article
- [Volatile oil fromNan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026Article
- Restoring Firmicutes-Associated Metabolites: A Gut-Brain Axis Approach to Alleviate Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Beyond the Brain: Exploring the multi-organ axes in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Histone and non-histone (de)acetylation impact on the blood-brain barrier.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- Combined intervention ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The gut-brain axis: mechanisms linking intestinal dysbiosis with stroke.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Review
- Metabolic reprogramming orchestrates microglial fate in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: a spatiotemporal immunometabolic perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Infection-driven gut dysbiosis and epigenetic programming of microglia: toward a systems level framework linking microbial metabolites, neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and probiotic modulation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Pharmacological mechanisms and clinical evidence of vasopressin, steroids, and epinephrine triple therapy in in-hospital cardiac arrest.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Therapeutic potential of neuroprotective plant extracts in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Precision prebiotics: Engineering food-derived polysaccharides to target specific SCFA-producing taxa for neuroprotection via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Current research in food science · 2026Review
- Environmental pollutants and the gut microbiota: mechanistic links from exposure to systemic disease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cardiac arrest (CA) is one of the most common illnesses worldwide. Post-CA brain injury (PCABI) is a major cause of death and poor recovery in CA patients and the current CA treatments are not very effective. The microbiome-gut-brain axis has been found to significantly affect brain ischemia injury. Furthermore, in ischemic stroke patients, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), especially sodium butyrate (SB), have been observed to promote neuroprotective effects by modulating inflammatory response and microglial polarization in the cortex. However, the precise mechanism of SB on CA-induced injury remains elusive. Therefore, this research study established an oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) model using BV-2 microglial and HT22 cells to simulate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in vitro and a potassium chloride-induced CA mouse model to mimic CA in vivo. The data revealed that SB markedly improved neurological scores and reduced neuronal death and apoptosis. Moreover, it reduced M1 microglia and neuroinflammation in CA mice. In addition, SB increased intestinal integrity and alleviated systemic inflammation. The 16S rDNA sequencing analysis indicated that SB intervention mitigated CA-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and SCFA depletion. It was also observed that CA mice's brain and OGD/R-exposed BV2 cells had substantially increased levels of MyD88, phosphorylated NF-κB p65, and TLR4 proteins, which were reduced after SB treatment. In summary, this study revealed that SB can protect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by controlling microglia polarization and microbiome-gut-brain axis to inhibit brain inflammation via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.