ReviewCellular & molecular immunology2025
Type 2 immunity in allergic diseases.
Review in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 244 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
244 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Inflammatory Aging-Driven Immune Axis Imbalance and the Mechanisms of Chronicity in Elderly Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Pooled it
- Dupilumab for the treatment of eczema molluscatum: A pediatric case report and systematic literature review.Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG · 2026Pooled it
- Global Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction in Individuals With Atopic Dermatitis and Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026Pooled it
- CD4Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of IL-4/IL-13 Blockade with Dupilumab on the Microbiome in Type 2 Inflammatory Diseases: A Systematic Review.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2026Pooled it
- The impact of Mediterranean diet adherence on allergic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of nutritional science · 2026Pooled it
- First-in-human, phase 1 study of CM512, a TSLP/IL-13 bispecific antibody, in healthy volunteers: safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Dynamic regulation of CD300b and CD300f on myeloid cells in oral immunotherapy.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- Extreme temperatures and the epithelial barrier theory.Seminars in immunopathology · 2026Review
- Glutamate attenuates the ILC2 response and allergic airway inflammation via the kainate receptor GluK2.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Cross-scale genetic analysis prioritizes shared regulatory variation, cell-type contributions, co-expression programs, and exon-level patterns in atopic dermatitis and asthma.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Integrative Network Analysis and Machine Learning Identify Cell Adhesion-Related Biomarkers and Immune Heterogeneity in Allergic Rhinitis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Emerging Paediatric Uses of Dupilumab Beyond Approvals.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026Review
- Common Food Emulsifiers Impair Epithelial Barrier Integrity and Trigger Pro-Inflammatory Responses and IgE Production.Allergy · 2026Article
- Platelet-derived serotonin epigenetically programs macrophage alternative activation to orchestrate type 2 airway inflammation.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Cyanobacterium Brasilonema sp. LPS Induces Neutrophil Infiltration and Lung Inflammation in a TLR4-Dependent Manner and Exacerbates Th2-Dependent Lung Inflammation.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Single-cell multi-omics characterises transcriptional and chromatin accessibility heterogeneity of immune cells in allergic rhinitis.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Effects ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Phenotypic Characteristics of B-Cell Subsets in Children with Allergic Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- [Research advances on the role of eosinophils in acute liver injury].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Review
184 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
31 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Significant advancements have been made in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of type 2 immunity in allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), food and drug allergies, and atopic dermatitis (AD). Type 2 immunity has evolved to protect against parasitic diseases and toxins, plays a role in the expulsion of parasites and larvae from inner tissues to the lumen and outside the body, maintains microbe-rich skin and mucosal epithelial barriers and counterbalances the type 1 immune response and its destructive effects. During the development of a type 2 immune response, an innate immune response initiates starting from epithelial cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including dendritic cells and macrophages, and translates to adaptive T and B-cell immunity, particularly IgE antibody production. Eosinophils, mast cells and basophils have effects on effector functions. Cytokines from ILC2s and CD4+ helper type 2 (Th2) cells, CD8 + T cells, and NK-T cells, along with myeloid cells, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13, initiate and sustain allergic inflammation via T cell cells, eosinophils, and ILC2s; promote IgE class switching; and open the epithelial barrier. Epithelial cell activation, alarmin release and barrier dysfunction are key in the development of not only allergic diseases but also many other systemic diseases. Recent biologics targeting the pathways and effector functions of IL4/IL13, IL-5, and IgE have shown promising results for almost all ages, although some patients with severe allergic diseases do not respond to these therapies, highlighting the unmet need for a more detailed and personalized approach.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.