ArticleEye (London, England)2025
Burdens and trends of age-related macular degeneration at global, regional, and national levels,1990-2021: findings from the 2021 global burden of disease study.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Global burden of age-related macular degeneration: Trends, regional disparities, and projections from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Fast nanoDSF Tear Fluid Profiling: Toward Diagnosis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Retinal pigment epithelium pathology in age-related macular degeneration: mitigation with melatonin.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Opportunistic Eye Disease Screening in Mazovia, Poland: Lessons from a Local Government Program: "Good Vision for Mazovians".Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo assess global, regional, and national burdens and trends of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) from 1990 to 2021.
methodsData from the Global Burden of disease Study 2021(GBD 2021) were used. The primary measurement were prevalent cases, years lived with disability (YLDs), age-standardised prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-standardised YLDs rate (ASYR), categorized by age and sociodemographic index (SDI). Trend analysis was measured by calculating average annual percentage change (AAPC) of ASPR and ASYR.
resultsGlobally, the prevalent AMD cases increased to 8,057,520.459 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 6,705,283.83 to 9,823,237.34) in 2021, with associated YLDs rising to 577,984.5004 (95% UI, 401,188.20 to 797,657.63). AMD burdens varied across regions and countries, as well as level of SDI development. China, India, and the United States of America (USA) were the top three countries with AMD cases. Caribbean regions have significant lower ASPR and ASYR of AMD. The AMD burden peaked between ages 65-69. Females had a significantly higher burden of AMD compared to males. From 1990 to 2021, the global ASPR and ASYR showed downward trend (AAPC = -0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.19 to -0.12, P < 0.001; AAPC = -0.69, 95% CI, -0.71 to -0.67, P < 0.001) respectively. The USA is the only developed country showed decreasing AAPCs of ASPR and ASYR from 1990 to 2021 but increasing AAPCs of ASPR and ASYR from 2012 to 2021.
conclusionsAMD burdens increased over 30 years, varying by age, sex, and SDI, guiding global strategies and public health interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.