Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39961836›Full record

ArticleEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2025

The SAPIENS 3D-printed temporal bone model: a real tool for advanced otologic surgery education.

Giannicola Iannella, Annalisa Pace, Antonio Greco, Armando De Virgilio, Mario Giuseppe Bellizzi, Enrica Croce, Jerome R Lechien, Antonino Maniaci, Salvatore Cocuzza, Federico Maria Gioacchini and 7 more

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Article in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. 3D-printed temporal bone models versus cadaveric bone for mastoidectomy training: a feasibility and cost analysis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026
    Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Giannicola IannellaDepartment of 'Organi di Senso', University "Sapienza", Viale dell'Università 33, Rome, 00185, Italy.
Annalisa PaceDepartment of 'Organi di Senso', University "Sapienza", Viale dell'Università 33, Rome, 00185, Italy. annalisa.pace@uniroma1.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6744-5280
Antonio GrecoDepartment of 'Organi di Senso', University "Sapienza", Viale dell'Università 33, Rome, 00185, Italy.
Armando De VirgilioDepartment of 'Organi di Senso', University "Sapienza", Viale dell'Università 33, Rome, 00185, Italy.
Mario Giuseppe BellizziDepartment of 'Organi di Senso', University "Sapienza", Viale dell'Università 33, Rome, 00185, Italy.
Enrica CroceDepartment of 'Organi di Senso', University "Sapienza", Viale dell'Università 33, Rome, 00185, Italy.
Jerome R LechienFaculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.
Antonino ManiaciDepartment of Otolaryngology, Kore University, Enna, Italy.
Salvatore CocuzzaDepartment of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Federico Maria GioacchiniEar, Nose, and Throat Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
Massimo ReEar, Nose, and Throat Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
Andrea CollettiniDepartment of 'Organi di Senso', University "Sapienza", Viale dell'Università 33, Rome, 00185, Italy.
Lodovica GattiDepartment of 'Organi di Senso', University "Sapienza", Viale dell'Università 33, Rome, 00185, Italy.
Tiziano PerroneDepartment of Otolaryngology, Civil Hospital of Alghero, Alghero, Italy.
François SimonDepartment of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Necker-Sick Children's Hospital, AP-HP-University of Paris, Paris, France.
Stéphane GargulaDepartment of Otolaryngology, Hôpital Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France.
Giuseppe MagliuloDepartment of 'Organi di Senso', University "Sapienza", Viale dell'Università 33, Rome, 00185, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveOur study focused on the development and evaluation of the SAPIENS (Specific Anatomical Printed-3D-model In Education and New Surgical Simulations) as a valid tool for otologic surgical education.

methodsTwenty junior otolaryngologist surgeons in training were enrolled in the study. Each participant was invited to perform dissection of three different temporal bones. 1)Transparent 3-D printed model; 2)Opaque 3-D model; 3)fresh frozen human temporal bone. Following their drilling experience, participants answered to two specific questionnaires. The first was a questionnaire developed by Mowry et al. to evaluate 3D models in its general characteristics of anatomy and dissection, while the second one was a questionnaire specifically designed to compare the 3-D printed models with the human fresh frozen temporal bone.

resultsThe average total score of the questionnaire was calculated as 53.2/61 in transparent 3-D model and 55.4/61 in the opaque 3-D model. These values indicate that the 3D printed models closely resemble the human TB in terms of anatomy and dissection. Comparisons of the 3D model and human TB were rated as very similar in all surgical steps. The total score was 4/5 in the transparent 3-D model and 4.2/5 in the opaque 3-D model.

conclusionWe have designed and developed a 3D-printed model of the temporal bone that closely resembles the human temporal bone. The SAPIENS 3-D printed temporal bone model could be considered a valuable tool for advancing oto-surgical education due to its similarity to the human temporal bone in terms of anatomy and dissection.

Indexed as

Models, AnatomicOtolaryngologyOtologic Surgical ProceduresPrinting, Three-DimensionalSimulation TrainingTemporal BoneClinical CompetenceHumansSurveys and Questionnaires3D-printed temporal boneDissectionEar surgeryOtologyTemporal boneTraining

Identifiers

PMID39961836
PMCPMC12122612

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.