Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39961690›Full record

ReviewBMJ global health2025

Embedding risk monitoring in infectious disease surveillance for timely and effective outbreak prevention and control.

Brecht Ingelbeen, Esther van Kleef, Placide Mbala, Kostas Danis, Ivalda Macicame, Niel Hens, Eveline Cleynen, Marianne A B van der Sande

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in BMJ global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Observational
  4. Modelling practices, data provisioning, sharing and dissemination needs for pandemic decision-making: a European survey-based modellers' perspective, 2020 to 2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Brecht IngelbeenJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands brechtingelbeen@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2214-6858
Esther van KleefJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7185
Placide MbalaInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Kostas DanisIndependent scholar, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6727-7344
Ivalda MacicameInstituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique.
Niel HensData Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
Eveline CleynenSciensano, Brussel, Belgium.
Marianne A B van der SandeJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epidemic intelligence efforts aim to predict, timely detect and assess (re-)emerging pathogens, guide and evaluate infectious disease prevention or control. We emphasise the underused potential of integrating the monitoring of risks related to exposure, disease or death, particularly in settings where limited diagnostic capacity and access to healthcare hamper timely prevention/control measures. Monitoring One Health exposures, human behaviour, immunity, comorbidities, uptake of control measures or pathogen characteristics can complement facility-based surveillance in generating signals of imminent or ongoing outbreaks, and in targeting preventive/control interventions or epidemic preparedness to high-risk areas or subpopulations. Low-cost risk data sources include electronic medical records, existing household/patient/environmental surveys, Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems, medicine distribution and programmatic data. Public health authorities need to identify and prioritise risk data that effectively fill gaps in intelligence that facility-based surveillance can not timely or accurately answer, determine indicators to generate from the data, ensure data availability, regular analysis and dissemination.

Indexed as

Communicable Disease ControlCommunicable DiseasesDisease OutbreaksPopulation SurveillanceHumansRisk AssessmentControl strategiesDecision MakingEpidemiologyInfections, diseases, disorders, injuries

Identifiers

PMID39961690
PMCPMC11836831

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.