ArticleBMJ case reports2025
Management of multiorgan failure caused by immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicity.
Article in BMJ case reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) block inhibitory pathways that tumour cells exploit to evade the immune system. They play a key role in the management of aggressive cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Despite their efficacy, ICIs can cause severe, potentially fatal, immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including multiorgan failure. We present a case of a woman in her early 70s with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma recently initiated on pembrolizumab who presented with an acute stroke complicated by irAE-related multiorgan failure. Despite aggressive treatment, the patient remained critically ill and passed away the same day after transitioning to end-of-life care. This case emphasises the life-threatening potential of irAEs, the importance of early diagnosis and the challenges of managing these complications. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for irAEs in ICI-treated patients to optimise timely intervention and outcomes.
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