Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39961046›Full record

ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2025

Tailored Anti-miR Decorated Covalent Organic Framework Enables Electrochemical Detection of Salivary miRNAs for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Pranay Saha, David Skrodzki, Teresa Aditya, Parikshit Moitra, Maha Alafeef, Ketan Dighe, Matthew Molinaro, Steven D Hicks, Dipanjan Pan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Pranay SahaDepartment of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
David SkrodzkiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Teresa AdityaDepartment of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Parikshit MoitraDepartment of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Maha AlafeefDepartment of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Ketan DigheDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Matthew MolinaroDepartment of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Steven D HicksDepartment of Pediatrics, Penn State Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
Dipanjan PanDepartment of Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0175-4704

Funding

Poly-omic predictors of symptom duration and recovery for adolescent concussionR01NS115942 · NINDS · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV HERSHEY MED CTR · PI HICKS, STEVEN DANIEL · 2021 to 2025
$2.8M
CDC HHS 75D30122C15492Department of Defense (DoD) Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program TP210376National Science Foundation CBET 2153091/2229986NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS115942NINDS NIH HHS R01NS115942Pennsylvania Tobacco Settlement Fund 2019
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal role as biomarkers for various diseases, with salivary miRNAs offering a non-invasive diagnostic tool. For mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), salivary miRNAs like miR-let7a, miR-21, and miR-30e show promise for early detection of subtle injuries lacking reliable indicators. To advance the detection of mTBI-related salivary miRNAs, this study integrates anti-miRNA and miRNA hybridization-based sensing with the development of a nanoscale covalent-organic framework (COF) platform. COFs, with their highly customizable structures, large surface area, and biocompatibility, serve as a versatile foundation for biosensing applications. Here, post-synthetic modification (PSM) of COFs is introduced for essential covalent conjugation of streptavidin for further immobilization of methylene blue-labeled and biotinylated Anti-miRNAs. Furthermore, the layer-by-layer assembly of conductive polymers enhanced the biosensor's electrical performance, enabling ultrasensitive and multiplexed detection of salivary miRNAs. Validated with samples from mixed martial arts participants and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), this COF-based platform demonstrates robust accuracy and reliability. By combining COF functionalization with advanced electrode design, it offers a powerful, non-invasive solution for early mTBI detection and broader biomedical applications.

Indexed as

Brain Injuries, TraumaticElectrochemical TechniquesMetal-Organic FrameworksMicroRNAsSalivaBiosensing TechniquesHumansMetal-Organic FrameworksMicroRNAscovalent organic frameworkelectrochemistrynanoparticlesalivary miRNAstraumatic brain injury

Identifiers

PMID39961046
PMCPMC11983262

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.