Advancements in nanoparticles-based therapeutic approaches for osteosarcoma: Insights from catechins-modified selenium-doped hydroxyapatite: A review.

Osteosarcoma is common in all age groups, and a multifaceted strategy that includes radiation therapy, surgical intervention and chemotherapy remains the conventional treatment for osteosarcoma. Existing therapies typically result in recurring malignancies and postsurgical bone abnormalities, necessitating novel strategies for targeted drug administration and bone defects. The most significant components that are crucial for maintain strong bones include trace elements, calcium, selenium, and vitamins K and D. A deficiency in selenium advances the risk of cancer in many organs, including the bones. The progression of an effective technique such as a "local delivery system" is required to efficiently deliver the antioxidant to the targeted tissues for treatment as the circulatory system is unable to convey an adequate concentration of catechin to the regions of bone abnormalities. In this regard the combination of selenium and catechin with mesoporous hydroxyapatite nanoparticles displays promise as a nanoscale delivery method, offering an ideal approach to use it for the treatment and prevention of bone-related diseases. Therefore, this review mainly focusing in exploring the therapeutic potential of catechins-modified selenium-doped hydroxyapatite nanomaterials, chitosan-PEG-folate-Fe (III) complexes as nanocarriers for epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and catechin-conjugated mesoporous hydroxyapatite nanoparticle, highlighting their novel functions as nano-antioxidants with improved osteogenic characteristics in osteosarcoma treatment.