ArticleJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2025
Cortisol Circadian Rhythm and Sarcopenia in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Stable clocks, rewired rhythms: circadian remodeling in skeletal muscle during aging, cachexia, and type 2 diabetes.Life metabolism · 2026Review
- [The unbearable versatility of endocrine aging].Problemy endokrinologii · 2026Review
- Heterogeneous associations between domain-specific physical activity and sarcopenia risk in diabetic adults: A causal forest analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Rhythmic Metabolism in Osteosarcopenia: Emerging Evidence, a Chronometabolomic Framework for the Bone-Muscle Unit, and Research Priorities.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Sarcopenia in cognitive disorders: Toward a shared pathophysiological framework.Osteoporosis and sarcopenia · 2026Review
- Assessing the prognostic impact of body composition phenotypes on surgical outcomes in patients with acute type A aortic dissection.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Sarcopenia and Muscle Aging: Updated Insights into Molecular Mechanisms and Translational Therapeutics.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
- Electroacupuncture ameliorates glycolipid metabolism disorder in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats via modulation of the AMPK/PGC-1α/TFAM signaling pathway.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Is It Worth Assessing the Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Pregnant Women? Should Any Impact on Pregnancy Outcomes Be Expected?Nutrients · 2025Review
- Assessment of screening tools for diabetic sarcopenia in type 2 diabetes mellitus: evidence from a scoping review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Association between blood inflammatory status and the survival of tuberculosis: a five-year cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The relationship between intrinsic capacity and sarcopenia in middle-aged and older Chinese populations: the mediating influence of a novel nutritional index.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The relationship between chronic pain and health-related quality of life: the mediating roles of frailty and depression in chronic disease patients.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
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Abstract
backgroundPatients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have elevated late-night cortisol levels and a flattened circadian rhythm. Cortisol oversecretion mediates muscle breakdown and reduces muscle strength and mass, thus possibly leading to sarcopenia. This study first investigated the association between cortisol circadian rhythm and sarcopenia in patients with T2DM.
methodsPatients with T2DM and adrenal nodules were screened for eligibility. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) and skeletal muscle density (SMD) were obtained by analysing computed tomography images at Lumbar 3 level. Sarcopenia was defined as the presence of both myopenia and myosteatosis. Cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels at 8 AM, 4 PM and 0 AM were measured. The cumulative logit models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to evaluate the association between cortisol circadian rhythm and sarcopenia.
resultsIn total, 128 patients with T2DM and nonfunctional adrenal adenomas were enrolled in this study, of whom 25 were diagnosed with sarcopenia. The mean age was 54.4 years, and 83 (64.8%) patients were male. Patients with sarcopenia showed higher nighttime cortisol levels at 0 AM (Cor 0 AM) (4.91 [4.05, 9.95] vs. 2.44 [1.55, 4.77] μg/dL, p < 0.001) than those without. The Cor 0 AM was negatively correlated with both SMI and SMD (r = -0.318, p < 0.001 and -0.284, p < 0.001, respectively). As the Cor 0 AM tertiles increased, the odds ratios (ORs) for sarcopenia consistently increased (OR = 4.69 [0.93, 23.53], p = 0.061, for the intermediate group and OR = 11.39 [2.41, 53.84], p = 0.002, for the high group). After adjustment for multiple risk factors, the high Cor 0 AM group still showed a significantly higher risk of sarcopenia than the low group (OR = 7.92 [1.45, 43.29], p = 0.017). ROC curve analyses showed that Cor 0 AM had the highest predictive power for sarcopenia, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.760, compared to haemoglobin, age, alanine transaminase and sex (AUC = 0.703, 0.695, 0.679, and 0.633, respectively).
conclusionsThe cortisol circadian rhythm is associated with sarcopenia in patients with T2DM. Patients with higher levels of nighttime cortisol, rather than morning or afternoon cortisol, have a higher risk of sarcopenia. This result offers a new strategy for the further research of sarcopenia.
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