Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39959576›Full record

ArticleIntegrative organismal biology (Oxford, England)2025

Dietary Breadth Predicts Toxin Expression Complexity in the Venoms of North American Gartersnakes.

T C Heptinstall, R A Rosales García, R M Rautsaw, E A Myers, M L Holding, A J Mason, E P Hofmann, T D Schramer, M P Hogan, M Borja and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

T C HeptinstallDepartment of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2480-7323
R A Rosales GarcíaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0110-435X
R M RautsawDepartment of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
E A MyersDepartment of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
M L HoldingDepartment of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-3012
A J MasonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
E P HofmannDepartment of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-6800
T D SchramerDepartment of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4553-8002
M P HoganDepartment of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3702-5079
M BorjaFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universdad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Universidad s/n. Fracc. Filadelfia, Gómez Palacio, Durango 35010, Mexico.
G Castañeda-GaytánFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universdad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Universidad s/n. Fracc. Filadelfia, Gómez Palacio, Durango 35010, Mexico.
C R FeldmanDepartment of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
D R RokytaDepartment of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0356-2178
C L ParkinsonDepartment of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2020-6992

Funding

Regulation of Cryptosporidium DevelopmentP20GM146584 · NIGMS · CLEMSON UNIVERSITY · PI JAMES Culvin MORRIS · 2022 to 2026
$13.5M
Statistical Methods for Gene Regulatory Analysis From Single Cell Genomics DataP20GM139769 · NIGMS · CLEMSON UNIVERSITY · PI ANHOLT, ROBERT R. H, MACKAY, TRUDY F. · 2021 to 2025
$10.8M
NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM139769NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM146584
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Selection on heritable phenotypic variation has played a prominent role in shaping the remarkable adaptations found across the Tree of Life. Complex ecological traits, such as snake venoms, are thought to be the products of selection because they directly link to fitness and survival. Snake venom increases the efficiency of prey capture and processing and is thus likely under intense selection. While many studies of snake venom have investigated the relationship between venom and diet, they have primarily focused on medically relevant front-fanged snakes. However, recent work has suggested that many non-front fanged snakes also rely on venom for subduing prey, despite having reduced toxicity toward humans. Here, we set out to uncover variation in toxin-producing genes, along with the ecological and evolutionary pressures impacting snake venom characteristics in the North American gartersnakes (Squamata: Natricidae:

Identifiers

PMID39959576
PMCPMC11822205

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.