ArticleBiomedical optics express2025
Comparative numerical analysis of astigmatism tolerance in bifocal, extended depth-of-focus, and trifocal intraocular lenses.
Article in Biomedical optics express, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of Residual Astigmatism on Visual Acuity Following Bifocal, Trifocal, and Extended Depth-of-Focus Intraocular Lens Implantation: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- In vitro optical characterization of the RayOne Galaxy spiral extended depth-of-focus intraocular lens using high-resolution Mach-Zehnder interferometry.Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Introduction to the feature Issue "Improving Vision through Intraocular Lenses": a tribute to Jim Schwiegerling.Biomedical optics express · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Here, we quantitatively assess the effect of astigmatism on visual functions in eyes with three different commercial multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) using a customized finite eye model. Our proposed model implements a full wave analysis of the whole eye structure with diffractive multifocal IOLs under polychromatic conditions. The proposed eye model evaluates the energy efficiency of each focus at varying degrees of corneal astigmatism with the light-in-the-bucket metrics for bifocal (Restor), extended depth-of-focus (Symfony), and trifocal IOLs (POD-F). Better tolerance under astigmatic conditions was observed in the order of Symfony, Restor, and POD-F, highlighting the need to consider multifocal toric IOLs with corneal astigmatism greater than +1.5 D, + 1.0 D, and +1.0 D for Symfony, Restor, and POD-F, respectively. Furthermore, we revealed the way that the optical properties of multifocal IOLs, including the optical power of the diffractive part, the effect of high-order harmonics, and chromatic aberration, interplay to determine the tolerance for corneal aberration. The numerical analysis closely agrees with previous clinical studies on determining the indication for multifocal toric IOLs, suggesting the clinical usability of the presented method in predicting the postoperative visual function of patients on a customized basis.
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Registered trials
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