Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39958726›Full record

ArticleHeliyon2025

Normative data and comprehensive psychometric evaluation of the Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale in a large Italian sample.

Giuseppina Spano, Elisabetta Ricciardi, Luigi Tinella, Alessandro O Caffò, Giovanni Sanesi, Andrea Bosco

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Heliyon, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Giuseppina SpanoDepartment of Psychology and Health Science, Pegaso Telematic University, Naples, Italy.
Elisabetta RicciardiDepartment of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Luigi TinellaDepartment of Humanities, Philosophy and Education, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
Alessandro O CaffòDepartment of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Giovanni SanesiDepartment of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Andrea BoscoDepartment of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

As the climate crisis intensifies, its impact on mental health becomes more apparent, leading to psychological distress such as eco-anxiety. Driven by growing scientific interest, standardized assessment tools for evaluating eco-anxiety are gaining traction. This study comprehensively validates the Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale (HEAS) on a large sample of nearly 1300 participants across Italy and four generations. The scores obtained using the Italian HEAS demonstrate excellent reliability and support valid inferences regarding eco-anxiety levels. The original four-factor structure of the scale was upheld. Nonetheless, the scale proved to be reliable also in terms of a unique factor. Internal consistency was satisfactory, but stability over three months was not confirmed. The overall HEAS score was linked to pro-environmental behavior and reduced meat consumption. Additionally, the scale effectively identifies individuals engaged in public pro-environmental actions. Normative data were provided for age, gender, and education levels. These findings confirmed and extended the HEAS's validity and reliability, highlighting the importance of standardized assessment tools in this burgeoning research field and in clinical practice. Further exploration of its diagnostic efficacy in clinical settings for eco-anxiety detection is suggested.

Indexed as

Climate anxietyCognitive reappraisal of climate crisisEco-anxietyMental healthRasch analysisValidation

Identifiers

PMID39958726
PMCPMC11825253

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.