Looking Forward to AI and Medicine: Where Are We, and Where Are We Going?

Adam Wilcox, Malachi Griffith, Obi Griffith

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Missouri medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

The role of agentic artificial intelligence in healthcare: a scoping review.NPJ digital medicine · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Adam WilcoxDirector, Center for Applied Health Informatics, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine & Geriatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.

Malachi GriffithAssociate Professors of Medicine (Oncology) and Genetics and Assistant Director of the McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.

Obi GriffithAssociate Professors of Medicine (Oncology) and Genetics and Assistant Director of the McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.

Funding

Washington University Center for Diabetes Translation Research P30DK092950 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Ross C Brownson, Debra Haire-Joshu · 2011 to 2026

$11.7M

Standardized and Genome-Wide Clinical Interpretation of Complex Genotypes for Cancer Precision MedicineU24CA237719 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI GRIFFITH, OBI L. · 2019 to 2023

$3.8M

Text Mining and Large Language Models for AI-Driven Evidence-Based Functional Annotation of Clinical VariantsU24CA275783 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Malachi Griffith, Obi L. Griffith · 2023 to 2026

$2.6M

NCI NIH HHS U24 CA237719NCI NIH HHS U24 CA275783NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK092950

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a significant area of interest in medicine, with the potential to influence various aspects of health care. However, the real benefits of applications of AI to medicine often become obscured by the considerable attention, and hype, around its capabilities. To better understand AI's role in medicine, it is important to contextualize its development and review the stages of AI evolution that have contributed to its present state.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceDelivery of Health CareHumans

Identifiers

PMID39958602

PMCPMC11827648

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.