Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39958075›Full record

ArticleCureus2025

Evaluating Disparities in Urban Versus Rural Mortality for Influenza and Pneumonia in the United States Using the CDC-WONDER Database Over a 22-Year Period.

Oishi Barua, Nithin Karnan, Sumith Panayanthatta, Mohamed K Mansour, Chris Milano

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Observational
  3. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Oishi BaruaGastroenterology and Hepatology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA.
Nithin KarnanInternal Medicine, K.A.P. Viswanathan Government Medical College, Tiruchirappalli, IND.
Sumith PanayanthattaClinical Research, Christian Medical College, Vellore, IND.
Mohamed K MansourHospital Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, ARE.
Chris MilanoInternal Medicine, American University of Integrative Sciences, Saint Michael, BRB.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe mortality of a disease alludes to the number of deaths caused by that disease within a specific population and timeframe. Urban-rural disparity indicates the differences in quality of life, access to healthcare and services, and economic opportunities between urban and rural areas. Thus, the study aims to evaluate the disparity in mortality rates between the urban versus rural areas for influenza and pneumonia over a 22-year period.

methodsA retrospective study was conducted on 25

resultsThe absolute mortality in rural areas (511,454 deaths; 19.3%) is approximately four times lower than urban areas (2,002,659 deaths; 79.7%).The trend in mortality rate per 100,000 has gradually decreased over the years. The mortality rate per 100,000 population based on age, gender and race stratification is significantly higher in rural areas compared to the urban areas.

conclusionThis study highlights the significant disparities in urban versus rural mortality for patients with influenza and pneumonia, particularly in the 85+ years age group, female gender, and White American race.

Indexed as

cdc-wonderinfluenzametropolitanpneumoniaretrospectiveruralurban

Identifiers

PMID39958075
PMCPMC11827623

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.