Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39956885›Full record

ReviewMolecular neurobiology2025

CD28 Superfamily Costimulatory Molecules in Chronic Pain: Focus on Immunomodulation.

Qinglu Shi, Yujia Luo, Qiaomin Xiang, Xianhui Kang, Zhiying Feng

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Molecular neurobiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. [Pulmonary branch embolism after shortZhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Qinglu ShiDepartment of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
Yujia LuoDepartment of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
Qiaomin XiangDepartment of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
Xianhui KangDepartment of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China. kxhui66@zju.edu.cn.
Zhiying FengDepartment of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China. fzy1972@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0962-9449

Funding

a grant from Projects of medical and health technology program of Zhejiang, China WKJ-ZJ-2404the National Science Foundation of China under Grant 82271239
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic pain has substantial effects on patients' quality of life and psychological well-being. It does not respond satisfactorily to available medicinal therapeutics because its mechanism remains unclear. Recent studies have shown a strong relationship between chronic pain and immunomodulation. As important members of the immune response, CD28 superfamily costimulatory molecules were demonstrated to have an analgesic effect on chronic pain. Based on research on the role of these molecules in chronic pain, new and highly effective analgesic medicines are anticipated that could be used in combination with some previous analgesic medicines to reduce substance abuse and side effects. This review of the literature will examine the pain-regulating mechanisms of CD28 superfamily costimulatory molecules, focusing on immunomodulation. In addition, this review will discuss the potential and difficulties of developing novel analgesic medicines targeting CD28 superfamily costimulatory molecules.

Indexed as

CD28 AntigensChronic PainImmunomodulationAnimalsHumansCD28 AntigensCD28 superfamily costimulatory moleculesChronic painCytokinesImmunomodulationPD-1

Identifiers

PMID39956885

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.