ReviewTrends in biochemical sciences2025
Small RNA and Toll-like receptor interactions: origins and disease mechanisms.
Review in Trends in biochemical sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- tRNA-derived small RNAs in ocular neovascular diseases: A systematic review.Non-coding RNA research · 2026Review
- qMAP decodes RNA fragmentation dynamics in development and disease.Molecular systems biology · 2026Article
- PANDORA-seq reveals human sperm sncRNA signature endowed with sperm quality assessment.Genes & diseases · 2026Article
- Stress-induced breakup: tRNA-derived small RNAs in biology.Trends in cell biology · 2026Review
- Dissecting the small RNA code of inflammatory bowel disease.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Advances in nano-delivery systems for overcoming the challenges of applying siRNA drugs in tumor therapy.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- Transfer RNA expression, modification, and derived small RNAs in cancer biology and clinical potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Striatal small RNA remodeling in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease highlights coordinated downregulation of mitochondrial tsRNAs.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Comparative landscape of small RNAs in tissue and liquid biopsies for liver transplant outcomes.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Renal macrophage TLR7 signaling in lupus nephritis: from pathogenic mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Transfer RNA Fragments Functionality Within and Between Cells and Organisms.Cells · 2025Review
- FUSION: a family-level integration approach for robust differential analysis of small non-coding RNAs.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Activation of toll‑like receptors by non‑coding RNAs and their fragments (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- The Life of MicroRNAs: Biogenesis, Function and Decay in Cancer.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Landscape of extracellular small RNA and identification of biomarkers in multiple human cancers.iScience · 2025Article
- Review
- Cell surface RNA biology: new roles for RNA binding proteins.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2025Review
- Deciphering the role of tRNA-derived fragments in neurological and psychiatric disease pathogenesis.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Advances in small RNA sequencing have revealed diverse small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) beyond microRNAs (miRNAs), derived from transfer RNAs (tRNAs), ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), and Y RNAs, carrying distinct RNA modifications. These emerging sncRNAs can function beyond RNA interference (RNAi), adopting aptamer-like roles by interacting with Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7 and TLR8) via specific sequences, modifications, and structures. We propose a Sequential Activation Hypothesis where initial abnormal sncRNAs - triggered by infections or stresses - activate TLR7/8, leading to autoantibody production against autoantigens like RNA-binding proteins La and Ro. These autoantibody-antigen complexes further promote secondary immunogenic sncRNA production and repetitive TLR7/8 activation, perpetuating a vicious cycle sustaining autoimmunity. TLR7/8's X chromosome location and sex-biased expression contribute to female-dominant autoimmune diseases. Understanding sncRNA-TLR interactions is essential for designing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.