Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39956634›Full record

ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2025

Is informed consent correctly obtained for vaccinations?

Dhriti Jagadish, Nathaniel Mamo, Felicia Pasadyn, Arthur Caplan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Dhriti JagadishDivision of Medical Ethics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-1576-5157
Nathaniel MamoDivision of Medical Ethics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-7925-4640
Felicia PasadynDivision of Medical Ethics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
Arthur CaplanDivision of Medical Ethics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4061-8011

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Informed consent is an integral tenet of medical ethics. However, the United States lacks a standardized consent process for immunizations, with states and private companies instead reliant on Vaccine Information Statements (VISs) introduced by the 1986 National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act. VISs, rather than being developed with patient autonomy in mind, were a response to excessive vaccine injury litigation and resulting vaccine supply shortages. VISs do not provide meaningful information disclosures, with its producer - the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - itself admitting that VISs should not be mistaken for informed consent forms. In its content, the VIS is too complex in its readability, does not situate immunization in a public health context, and does not present all alternatives. VIS delivery is also inadequate, with limited time given for patients to digest vaccine information and no documentation required to ensure that VISs were presented at all. Simply put, VISs do little to spark deliberation and increase vaccine confidence. This article recommends minor improvements to VIS content, delivery, and accountability mechanisms to ensure distribution. The authors argue that these patient-provider moments - for patients to better understand their health, the threat of disease, and the weight of their contribution to the public - should not be squandered.

Indexed as

Informed ConsentVaccinationVaccinesHumansUnited StatesVaccinesdisclosureinformed consentvaccine hesitancyVaccine Information Statementvaccines

Identifiers

PMID39956634
PMCPMC11834450

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.