ArticleModern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc2025
Genomic Characteristics Related to Histology-Based Immune Features in Breast Cancer.
Article in Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of triple-negative breast cancer uncovers epigenetic biomarkers of tumor identity and the immune microenvironment.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- The clinical relevance of apocrine morphology in breast cancer depends on the estrogen receptor status.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- Decoding the breast cancer microenvironment by spatial multi-omics: from architecture to clinical translation.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Robust analysis of the tumor spectrum in a preclinical model of breast cancer reveals stable subtypes with distinct growth patterns.Computer methods and programs in biomedicine · 2026Article
- DNA methylation estimates of immune cell abundance have prognostic potential in triple negative breast cancer.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- Tumor lactate metabolism shapes immune suppression and therapeutic resistance revealed by integrative multi-omics and digital pathology.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- AI-driven CRISPR strategies in breast cancer: Organoid modeling, adaptive editing, and precision delivery.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- Emerging Breast Cancer Subpopulations: Functional Heterogeneity Beyond the Classical Subtypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Bridging the Gap in Breast Cancer Dormancy: Models, Mechanisms, and Translational Challenges.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Survival outcomes and prognostic factors of breast cancer spinal metastases: a retrospective study.Discover oncology · 2025Article
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11 authors.
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Abstract
The immune cell component of the tumor microenvironment is an important modulator of tumor progression. In patients with breast cancer, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) represent core aspects of antitumor immunity, both increasingly recognized for clinical relevance. In this study, we evaluated immune-related histology features using whole-slide hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images of The Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Invasive Carcinoma (TCGA-BRCA) data set (n = 1035) and analyzed these distinct features relative to gene expression, PAM50 subtypes, and patient survival. H&E images were evaluated for TILs, plasma cells (PCs), high-endothelial venule-associated lymphoid aggregates (HALA), and mature TLS. For HALA and TLS, location relative to the tumor (nontumor, peritumor, and intratumor) was determined. HER2-enriched (HER2E) and basal-like breast tumors exhibited the highest mean TILs and the presence of PCs. HALA were present in 35.1% of cases and TLS in 6.5% of cases, also predominantly in HER2E and basal-like tumors. We derived gene expression signatures for 10 histologically defined immune features and tested their clinical significance using transcriptomic and survival data from the Sweden Cancerome Analysis Network - Breast (SCAN-B) cohort. Signatures related to TILs, PCs, HALA/TLS, TLS, and specifically intratumor HALA and TLS were associated with better survival in HER2E and basal-like tumors. Peritumor HALA/TLS and nontumor signatures were nonsignificant or associated with worse outcomes. Furthermore, we compared the immune microenvironment of high-TIL (TILs > 10%) tumors from TCGA-BRCA by PAM50 subtype through supervised analyses of 200+ immune gene expression signatures, and unique immune features were identified for each subtype. In high-TIL luminal tumors, enriched immune signatures had little relation to prognosis. High-TIL HER2E and basal-like tumors had distinct immune signatures linked to improved survival, related to B and T cells, respectively. Overall, PAM50 subtypes of breast cancer exhibit distinct immune microenvironments, both histologically and molecularly. These differences in immune properties should be considered when developing precise treatment strategies to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy for patients.
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