Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39956138›Full record

ArticleHealth services research2025

Getting Inside Closed-Loop Referrals: Exploring the Patient Experience of Finding and Connecting to Social Care With a Community Resource Referral System Using a Community-Based Participatory Approach.

Anthony W Olson, Nik Allen, Ardem Elmayan, Kim Green, Melissa L Harry, Jenny Kempfert, Emily Kuenstler, Heath Maki, Sarah Nelson, Mary Rapps and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Health services research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Anthony W OlsonEssentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4026-4716
Nik AllenLincoln Park Children & Families Collaborative, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
Ardem ElmayanEssentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
Kim GreenLincoln Park Children & Families Collaborative, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
Melissa L HarryEssentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
Jenny KempfertArc Northland, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
Emily KuenstlerEssentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
Heath MakiArc Northland, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
Sarah NelsonGenerations Health Care Initiatives, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
Mary RappsGenerations Health Care Initiatives, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
Rose St JohnLincoln Park Children & Families Collaborative, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
Salaam WitherspoonLincoln Park Children & Families Collaborative, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
Shawandala BrownArc Northland, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
Ashlie CastaldoArc Northland, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
Melissa GrimesLincoln Park Children & Families Collaborative, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
Treasure JenkinsLincoln Park Children & Families Collaborative, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.
Kennedy MosherCommunity Action Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA.

Funding

Blue Cross and Blue Shield of MinnesotaUCare Minnesota
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo explore the experiences of patients who found and/or connected to social care via a community resource referral system named "Resourceful" (linked with FindHelp.org) linked to a health system's electronic health record. STUDY SETTING AND

designThe mixed-methods study was co-designed and conducted using community-based participatory processes by a team of researchers at a multi-state health system (Minnesota, North Dakota, Wisconsin) and community members with lived experience addressing unmet social needs. Study participants were individuals referred to, connected to, or delivered social care through Resourceful in the health system's service area. Quantitative surveys were emailed to 780 patients and 38 healthcare workers (HCWs) tied to closed-loop referrals between 8/2022 and 2/2023. Qualitative interview invites were emailed to 19 patient survey respondents wanting to interview, and the five HCWs and 12 community-based organizations (CBOs) involved in their social care experience. Descriptive statistics analyzed sociodemographic and patient experience variables developed via the participatory process. We coded qualitative data using thematic analysis, extracting thematic factors informing survey responses. DATA SOURCES AND ANALYTIC SAMPLE: We collected primary data from online surveys and semi-structured phone interviews. PRINCIPAL

findingsUsable survey responses from 62 patients and 14 HCWs were analyzed. Most respondents agreed on some level that their experience using Resourceful strengthened patient trust (patients:66%, HCWs:86%), improved communication about what patients need to be healthy (patients:61%, HCWs:57%), provided "helpful help" reducing social care barriers (patients:56%, HCWs:93%), and enhanced person-centeredness (patients:60%, HCWs:79%). Qualitative analysis yielded six thematic factors corresponding to 23 actionable takeaways potentially important for using CRRS to improve the seeker experience of social care: resource/service environment; platform access/usability/utilization; helper integration/coordination/continuity; helpful help; reliable sources/partnerships; responsive relationships.

conclusionsDifferences in the perceptions of patient experiences involving resourceful were observed between patients and HCWs/CBOs. Thematic factors clarified these differences and how to improve patient experiences with closed-loop referrals.

Indexed as

Patient SatisfactionReferral and ConsultationSocial WorkAdultAgedCommunity-Based Participatory ResearchElectronic Health RecordsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchSurveys and Questionnaireshealth equitypatient assessment/satisfactionqualitative researchreferrals and referral networksrural healthsocial determinants of health

Identifiers

PMID39956138
PMCPMC12052525

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.