Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39955176›Full record

ArticleNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2025

Effects of chemogenetic virus injection and clozapine administration in spinal cord injury.

Ji Hyeon Kim, Sae Yeon Hwang, Hye-Lan Lee, Sol Lip Yoon, Yoon Ha, Hye Yeong Lee, Seungjun Ryu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Cutting-edge technologies in neural regeneration.Cell regeneration (London, England) · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ji Hyeon KimSpine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Life Science Cluster, Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Sae Yeon HwangSpine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
Hye-Lan LeeSpine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
Sol Lip YoonSpine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
Yoon HaSpine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
Hye Yeong LeeSpine & Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kimura416@yuhs.ac.
Seungjun RyuLife Science Cluster, Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: spinesj@eulji.ac.kr.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neuromodulation therapy using chemogenetic stimulation has shown potential in enhancing motor recovery and neuroregeneration following spinal cord injury (SCI). These therapeutic benefits are hypothesized to result from the promotion of neuroplasticity, particularly when administered during the acute phase of injury. In this study, we investigated the effects of chemogenetic stimulation using Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) in conjunction with clozapine, a ligand for receptor activation. DREADDs enable targeted, reversible neuromodulation, facilitating the histological characterization of engineered neurons. We utilized these receptors to modulate G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways, leading to the activation or inhibition of intracellular signaling. The objective was to determine whether the administration of DREADDs and clozapine (0.1 ​mg/kg) could enhance motor function and neuronal recovery, particularly when applied during the acute phase of SCI. Weekly behavioral assessments demonstrated significant improvements in motor skills and neuronal regeneration in treated animals compared to controls, with the most pronounced effects observed when stimulation was initiated early after injury. These enhancements in neuroplasticity were reflected in improved ladder rung test scores and Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale results in DREADDs-treated rats. Histological analyses, including immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, Western blotting, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), confirmed that the treatment group exhibited a higher density of neurons, increased signaling protein expression, and reduced inflammatory markers. These findings suggest that chemogenetic stimulation, particularly when administered during the acute phase, effectively promotes neuroregeneration and motor recovery. Future research should focus on assessing the long-term safety and efficacy of chemogenetic virus injection and clozapine administration, with an emphasis on the timing of intervention.

Indexed as

ClozapineSpinal Cord InjuriesAnimalsChemogeneticsFemaleRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyRecovery of FunctionClozapineAAV5-hSyn-hM3Dq-eYFPClozapineDesigner receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs)Gq signaling pathwayNeuroregeneration

Identifiers

PMID39955176
PMCPMC12014403

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.