Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39954534›Full record

ArticleThe journal of nutrition, health & aging2025

Relationships between physical frailty and cognitive decline over 8 years: A longitudinal study among community-dwelling older Chinese immigrants.

Fengyan Tang, Qingqing Yin, Wendi Da, Guoping Jin, Yanping Jiang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Fengyan TangSchool of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh. 2318 Cathedral of Learning, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States. Electronic address: fet7@pitt.edu.
Qingqing YinSchool of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh. 2318 Cathedral of Learning, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States. Electronic address: qiy84@pitt.edu.
Wendi DaInstitute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States. Electronic address: wda@ifh.rutgers.edu.
Guoping JinSchool of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh. 2318 Cathedral of Learning, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States. Electronic address: guj11@pitt.edu.
Yanping JiangInstitute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States. Electronic address: yanping.jiang@ifh.rutgers.edu.

Funding

Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia Among Older Chinese Immigrants: The Role of Activity, Engagement, Immigration Experience, and Neighborhood EnvironmentsR01AG067548 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI TANG, FENGYAN · 2020 to 2023
$2.2M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG067548
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo examine patterns of physical frailty changes, their sociocultural correlates, and associations with initial cognitive functioning and cognitive decline over an eight-year observation period among community-dwelling older Chinese immigrants.

designAn 8-year follow-up longitudinal study. SETTING AND

participants2,835 community-dwelling adults aged 60 and above living in Chicago, who self-identified as Chinese, with a mean age of 72.5 years at baseline. MEASUREMENTS: Frailty was assessed using five indicators across the five waves, and patterns of change were identified through repeated measures latent class analysis (RMLCA). Cognitive functioning was assessed using the Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination (C-MMSE). The associations between frailty patterns and cognitive change trajectories were evaluated using latent growth curve modeling (LGCM), adjusted for sociodemographic, health, and immigration covariates.

resultsFour distinct frailty patterns were identified: least frail (53%), decreased frailty (21%), increased frailty (15%), and constantly frail (11%), with differential sociodemographic and immigration profiles. Compared to the least frail class, respondents in the increased frailty class (intercept: B = -0.108, p < .05; slope: B = -0.073, p < .001) and the constantly frail class (intercept: B = -0.150, p < .01; slope: B = -0.043, p < .001) showed poorer initial cognitive functioning and faster rates of cognitive decline after controlling for covariates. No significant differences in cognitive outcomes were observed between the least frail and the decreased frailty classes. Compared to Cantonese speakers, Mandarin speakers experienced a slower rate of cognitive decline (B = 0.033, p < .001).

conclusionsThese findings demonstrate that physical frailty is associated with cognitive decline, particularly among older Chinese immigrants who remain constantly frail or experience increasing frailty over time. Clinical interventions should prioritize addressing both physical frailty and cognitive decline, with special attention to vulnerable subgroups within this population.

Indexed as

AsianCognitive DysfunctionEmigrants and ImmigrantsFrail ElderlyFrailtyAgedAged, 80 and overChicagoChinaFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGeriatric AssessmentHumansIndependent LivingLongitudinal StudiesMaleCognitive declineFrailtyImmigrationMinority aging

Identifiers

PMID39954534
PMCPMC11983214

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.