ArticleACS nano2025
Multilayer Adjuvanted Influenza Protein Nanoparticles Improve Intranasal Delivery and Antigen-Specific Immunity.
Article in ACS nano, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- A self-assembled protein nanocage as a universal influenza vaccine induces enhanced broadly cross-reactive immunity.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Programmable trivalent nanocage vaccine confers durable cross-species protection against Bordetella bronchiseptica infection.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Hemagglutinin-displaying influenza nanovaccines: progress and promise.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- Antigen-Loaded and Calcium-Incorporated Chitosan Oligosaccharide Nanoparticles for Dendritic Cell Cross-Presentation and Immunotherapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Concerns and challenges in clinics-guided nanovaccines design and applications.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Next-generation intranasal influenza vaccines: mechanisms, platforms, and translational progress.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Research Progress of Universal Influenza Vaccine.Vaccines · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Intranasal vaccination is a desired route for protection against influenza viruses by mucosal and systemic immunity. However, the nasal mucosa impedes the intranasal delivery of vaccines. Here, we formulated layer-by-layer (LBL) influenza vaccine nanoparticles for effective intranasal delivery by coating them with alternating mucoadhesive cationic chitosan and muco-inert anionic CpG adjuvants. The nanoparticle cores were formed by desolvating influenza M2e antigen and coating it with hemagglutinin (HA) antigen via biotin-streptavidin conjugation. LBL modification promoted nasal delivery and interaction with the resident immune cells. Intranasal administration with LBL nanoparticles significantly improved cellular and humoral immune responses against HA and M2e including high IgA titers, a hallmark of potent mucosal immunity and persistence of immune responses. Distinct trends for antigen-specific immune responses were observed for different routes of vaccination. The enhanced immune responses conferred mice protection against the influenza challenge and prominently reduced viral titers, demonstrating the effectiveness of intranasal LBL vaccine nanoparticles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.