Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39954124›Full record

ArticleJournal of neurology2025

Multiple sclerosis diagnosis and its differential diagnosis in patients presenting with type four 'mirror pattern' CSF oligoclonal bands.

Damiano Marastoni, Monica Sicchieri, Francesca B Pizzini, Arianna Scartezzini, Federica Virla, Ermanna Turano, Daniela Anni, Maddalena Bertolazzo, Stefano Ziccardi, Valentina Camera and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Exploring the Type 4 Cerebrospinal Fluid Oligoclonal Band Pattern: Clinical and Paraclinical Features with Diagnostic Implications.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Damiano Marastoni *Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
Monica Sicchieri *Neurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
Francesca B PizziniRadiology and Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy.
Arianna ScartezziniNeurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
Federica VirlaNeurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
Ermanna TuranoNeurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
Daniela AnniNeurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
Maddalena BertolazzoNeurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
Stefano ZiccardiNeurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
Valentina CameraNeurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
Agnese TamantiNeurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
Maddalena MariniSection of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Giuseppe LippiSection of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Bruno BonettiNeurology A, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Di Verona, Verona, Italy.
Andrew J SolomonDepartment of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Massimiliano CalabreseNeurology B, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi" Borgo Roma, Piazzale L. A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy. massimiliano.calabrese@univr.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3362-7403

Funding

Ministero della Salute GR-2013-02-355322Ministero della Salute GR-2021-12373041Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca PE0000006
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPresence of oligoclonal bands (OCBs) restricted to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) characterizes most patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Few data are available on the frequency of MS diagnosis and the main alternative diagnoses in patients with an initial central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating event and CSF IV pattern, the so-called 'mirror pattern'.

methodsSeventy-six patients presenting with OCBs pattern IV after a clinical attack suggestive of CNS demyelinating event were included in the study. Diagnostic work-up, including blood, CSF, and paraclinical examinations, and 2 years of clinical and radiological follow-up were evaluated.

resultsPattern IV occurred in 15.1% of patients. Twenty-five patients (32.8%) received a diagnosis of MS, thirty-two (42.1%) an alternative diagnosis, and nineteen (25%) remained without definite diagnosis. Most frequent alternative diagnosis was encephalopathy with atypical MRI lesions of probable vascular origin (19.7%). MS was significantly more common in patients with type IV OCB pattern (25 of 76) than in a group of patients presenting with type I OCB pattern (32 of 168, p = 0.017).

conclusionThe diagnosis of MS is common in patients who present with OCBs pattern IV. However, other CNS disorders, particularly vascular encephalopathy, should be carefully considered.

Indexed as

Multiple SclerosisOligoclonal BandsAdultAgedDiagnosis, DifferentialFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultOligoclonal BandsCerebrospinal fluidDifferential diagnosisMirror patternMultiple sclerosis diagnosisOligoclonal bands

Identifiers

PMID39954124
PMCPMC11829897

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.