Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39954049›Full record

ReviewGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2025

Coronary artery and retinal vascularization by optical coherence tomography angiography: are eyes the window to the heart?

Gustavo Sakuno, David Sarraf, SriniVas R Sadda, Rony C Preti, Breno P M Oliveira, Francisco Max Damico

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Gustavo SakunoDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6485-1742
David SarrafDepartment of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
SriniVas R SaddaDepartment of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Rony C PretiDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Breno P M OliveiraDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Francisco Max DamicoDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. fmdamico@usp.br.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2594-0336

Funding

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior 88887.816754/2023-0
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeCoronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the United States and its assessment still relies on invasive diagnostic procedures requiring contrast, such as coronary angiography (CAG) or computed tomography angiography (CCTA). The retinal vasculature is the only microvascular site in the human body that can be assessed non-invasively, and it has been described as a promising method for predicting cardiovascular risk since the classification of hypertensive retinopathy in the 19th century. Unfortunately, most classifications still rely on qualitative findings, which exhibit high rates of interobserver and intraobserver variability. With advances in ophthalmology exams, particularly the advent of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), the capability of quantitatively assessing retinal vasculature can enable a more reliable non-invasive exam that could aid in estimating cardiovascular risk and assessing coronary lesions. This review aims to provide an extensive overview of the available evidence establishing the correlation of retinal and choroidal microvascular damage observed in OCTA and parameters such as coronary stenosis grade, number of affected vessels and scores like Gensini and SYNTAX evaluated via CAG or CCTA.

methodsReview of the literature published until December 2024 on PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS and EMBASE by searching "optical coherence tomography angiography" or "OCTA" AND "Coronary artery disease" or "Coronary heart disease".

resultsFindings from sixteen studies suggest a potential correlation between vascular parameters in OCTA and results from coronary exams. Reductions in vessel density analysis of the retinal plexus, especially the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), could improve patient selection and diagnostic yield for more invasive diagnostic procedures, such as CAG and CCTA.

conclusionOCTA is a non-invasive technology that can provide visualization and quantification of retinal microvascular disfunction that may correlate with macrovascular disease, particularly in the coronary circulation. Longitudinal assessment of quantitative OCTA parameters may provide biomarkers for monitoring CAD patients over time.

Indexed as

Coronary Artery DiseaseCoronary VesselsFluorescein AngiographyRetinal NeovascularizationRetinal VesselsTomography, Optical CoherenceCoronary AngiographyFundus OculiHumansAtherosclerotic cardiovascular diseaseCoronary artery diseaseOptical coherence tomography angiographyRetinal vascular density

Identifiers

PMID39954049

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.