ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2025
Incremental Healthcare Costs of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Characterizing dementia among patients with spina bifida (SB).Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Nursing Home Profit Status and Pain Among Residents Living With Dementia.Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses · 2026Article
- Increase in healthcare utilization and Medicare payment with progression of preclinical Alzheimer's disease.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Article
- Obesity-induced cognitive impairment: Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.Metabolism open · 2026Review
- Association of weight-adjusted waist index with motoric cognitive risk syndrome in Chinese adults Aged ≥ 60 years.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Effects of Functional Impairments and Frailty on the Association of Cognitive Impairment with Total Healthcare Costs: A Prospective Multi-cohort Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCognitive impairment and dementia are associated with higher healthcare costs; whether these increased costs are attributable to a greater comorbidity burden is unknown. We sought to determine associations of cognitive impairment and dementia with subsequent total and sector-specific healthcare costs after accounting for comorbidities and to compare costs by method of case ascertainment.
methodsIndex examinations (2002-2011) of 4 prospective cohort studies linked with Medicare claims. 8 165 community-dwelling Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries (4 318 women; 3 847 men). Cognitive impairment identified by self-or-proxy report of dementia and/or abnormal cognitive testing. Claims-based dementia and comorbidities derived from claims using Chronic Condition Warehouse algorithms. Annualized healthcare costs (2023 dollars) were ascertained for 36 months following index examinations.
results521 women (12.1%) and 418 men (10.9%) met the criteria for cognitive impairment; 388 women (9%) and 234 men (6.1%) met the criteria for claims-based dementia. After accounting for age, race, geographic region, and comorbidities, mean incremental costs of cognitive impairment versus no cognitive impairment in women (men) were $6 883 ($7 276) for total healthcare costs, $4 160 ($4 047) for inpatient costs, $1 206 ($1 587) for skilled nursing facility (SNF) costs, and $689 ($668) for home healthcare (HHC) costs. Mean adjusted incremental total and inpatient costs associated with claims-based dementia were smaller in magnitude and not statistically significant. Mean adjusted incremental costs of claims-based dementia versus no claims-based dementia in women (men) were $759 ($1 251) for SNF costs and $582 ($535) for HHC costs.
conclusionsCognitive impairment is independently associated with substantial incremental total and sector-specific healthcare expenditures not fully captured by claims-based dementia or comorbidity burden.
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