Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39953500›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

Stranger danger or good Samaritan? A cross-sectional study examining correlates of tolerance of risk in outdoor play among Canadian parents.

Guy Faulkner, Matthew Fagan, Julia McKenna, Mariana Brussoni, Mathieu Bélanger, Katie Gunnell, Mark S Tremblay, Richard Larouche

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Guy FaulknerSchool of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. guy.faulkner@ubc.ca.
Matthew FaganSchool of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Julia McKennaSchool of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Mariana BrussoniDepartment of Pediatrics, School of Population and Public Health, Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
Mathieu BélangerFaculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
Katie GunnellDepartment of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.
Mark S TremblayHealthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
Richard LaroucheFaculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.

Funding

Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada G-19-0026216
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNegative parental perceptions of risk may restrict children's opportunities for outdoor play. Excessively minimizing children's exposure to risks in their environment may have a range of developmental consequences. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess correlates of parental tolerance of risk among a large sample of Canadian parents.

methodsIn this cross-sectional study, a sample of 2,291 parents of 7-12 year olds completed online questionnaires assessing a range of potential individual (e.g., gender), social (e.g., neighbourhood cohesion), and environmental (e.g., walkability) correlates of parental tolerance of risk. Logistic regressions were created to examine associations between these factors and odds of being in the most risk averse quartile. The logistic regression was built in hierarchal steps relying on the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and pseudo R

resultsThe final model had a pseudo R

conclusionsTailored interventions that reframe perceptions of risk for parents are needed. Such interventions could reframe concerns about stranger danger which persist despite occurrences of stranger abduction being extremely rare. Interventions could also be targeted to immigrant families and those with fewer children as they appear to be more averse to risk. A complementary focus on examining how cultural background influences risk perceptions is needed in future research.

Indexed as

ParentsPlay and PlaythingsAdultCanadaChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesOutdoor playParentsPhysical activityRisk

Identifiers

PMID39953500
PMCPMC11829390

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.