Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39953415›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

The prevalence and association of traditional bullying and cyber bullying with mental health among adolescent and youth students in China: a study after the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions.

Yu Wang, Jia Cai, Cong Wang, Yun-Fei Mu, Zhong-Yue Deng, Ai-Ping Deng, Hong-Jun Song, Yi Huang, Li Yin, Wei Zhang and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

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  10. Socio-ecological Factors Influencing Cybervictimization among Iranian Adolescents.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Yu Wang *Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Jia Cai *Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Cong WangMental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Yun-Fei MuMental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Zhong-Yue DengMental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Ai-Ping DengWest China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Hong-Jun SongWest China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Yi HuangMental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Li YinMental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Wei ZhangMental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Ting-Ting JiangWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
Wen-Wu ShenWest China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China. wenwu_shen@163.com.
Mao-Sheng RanMental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. msrancd@outlook.com.

Funding

Initial Research Fund, West China Hospital 136220012Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province 2023NSFSC0126Post Doctor Research Project, West China Hospital, Sichuan University 2021HXBH027
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough bullying may affect students' mental health, its prevalence and impact on mental health among students in China after the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions remains unclear. This study aimed to explored the prevalence and association of traditional and cyber bullying with mental health among Chinese adolescent and youth students post-COVID-19 restrictions.

methodsAn online survey included 82,873 students from various educational levels in Sichuan Province, China, assessing traditional and cyber victimization, cyber perpetration, COVID-19 experiences, insomnia, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the associations between bullying and mental health problems.

resultsA total of 28.3% of students reported experiencing bullying, with 23.2% traditional victimization, 17.7% cyber victimization, and 8.1% cyber perpetration. Males had significantly higher prevalence of bullying, while females had significantly higher prevalence of mental health problems. All forms of bullying significantly increased the risk of mental health problems, with traditional bullying showing the strongest association. Students who experienced all three types of bullying had significantly higher risks of insomnia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.89 [95% CI, 4.57-5.23]), anxiety (aOR 11.42, [95% CI, 10.55-12.36]), depression (aOR 11.52, [95% CI, 10.58-12.53]), and PTSD (aOR 15.48, [95% CI, 14.17-16.92]).

conclusionThis study highlights the high prevalence of bullying, as well as its cumulative impact on mental health problems among adolescent and youth students. Addressing and preventing bullying is crucial to promote positive mental well-being in adolescent and youth students.

Indexed as

BullyingCOVID-19CyberbullyingMental DisordersMental HealthStudentsAdolescentChinaCrime VictimsFemaleHumansMalePrevalenceSurveys and QuestionnairesCyber perpetrationCybervictimizationMental health problemsStudentsTraditional bullying

Identifiers

PMID39953415
PMCPMC11829525

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.