ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025
Evolution of social contacts patterns in France over the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: results from the SocialCov survey.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Influenza vaccine protection and contact patterns among outpatients with influenza-like illness during the 2024-2025 season in China: a test-negative case-control study.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Mobility-driven synthetic contact matrices as a scalable solution for real-time pandemic response modeling.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Evolution of social contacts patterns in France over the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: results from the SocialCov survey.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
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11 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundNon-pharmaceutical measures such as lockdowns, curfews and place closures were implemented in France during 2020-2022 to reduce contacts in the population, to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and reduce COVID-19 healthcare burden. Individuals also changed their behaviours as a response to the pandemic. Here, we present the results of the SocialCov survey that characterise the evolution of contacts in France between December 2020 and May 2022 to better understand the short and long term impact of these interventions on social mixing.
methodsA questionnaire was advertised over six independent communication campaigns through the governmental application TousAntiCovid between December 2020 and June 2022. Participants were asked to detail social contacts in the previous day, including contact age, location, duration and type (physical/conversational).
resultsOver the six distinct campaigns, 44,396 individuals participated in the survey, declaring 300,735 contacts in total. The patterns of contacts strongly evolved over time, along with the progressive easing of national mitigation measures. The number of contacts in the French population increased from 5.3 contacts per day on average in December 2020 to 9.7 in May 2022. Mixing patterns were affected by age of participants, holidays and weekends. Healthcare workers declared 18.4 contacts on average during working days, roughly twice more than other workers. Reported risk perception changed throughout the two year period.
conclusionsResults provide a detailed picture of contact evolution over the years 2020-2022 in France. In addition to a major evolution of contact density over time, this study highlights strong heterogeneities in contact patterns according to age, employment and weekend/vacation periods. The contact matrices provided here can be used to inform age-stratified transmission models of respiratory pathogens in the context of implementation of multiple non-pharmaceutical measures.
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