ArticleThe ocular surface2025
Impact of botulinum toxin type A on ocular pain with neuropathic features.
Article in The ocular surface, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Scoping Review of Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Interventions to Treat Chronic Ocular Pain.Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society · 2026Article
- Chronic Ocular Surface Pain: A Missing Member of the Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions?Drugs · 2026Review
- Neuropathic Corneal Pain and Blepharospasm: A Case Series.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Navigating the Dry Eye Therapeutic Puzzle: A Mechanism-Based Overview of Current Treatments.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo investigate the impact of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) on neuropathic/nociplastic ocular pain (NOP) and identify predictors of patient outcomes.
methodsA retrospective study of individuals with NOP symptoms (light sensitivity, wind/air sensitivity, persistent pain despite dry eye treatment) who received ≥1 BoNT-A injection. Primary outcome measures included if (responders vs. non-responders) and to what degree (none vs. mild vs. moderate vs. marked) individuals experienced pain improvement 4-6 weeks post-injection. Demographics and clinical exam information was compared between the groups.
results27 individuals received BoNT-A for NOP symptoms. 74 % (n = 20) reported an improvement in pain and were classified as responders. Among responders, the degree of benefit varied, with 25 % reporting mild, 45 % moderate, and 30 % marked pain improvement. Improvements in light sensitivity (37 %), wind/air sensitivity (33 %), and quality of life (QoL) (59 %) were reported by fewer individuals. 80 % of responders and 0 % of non-responders reported QoL improvements afer BoNT-A. In a multivariable model that examined predictors of response (none to marked, 0-3), the presence of fibromyalgia (FM) (β = 0.50; p = 0.004) portended a better response, while shooting pain (β = -0.47; p = 0.007) portended a worse response to BoNT-A, (full model r
conclusionAfter BoNT-A, most individuals reported improved ocular pain and QoL, while fewer noted improved light and wind/air sensitivity. Some systemic and ocular factors predicted treatment response and may thus guide treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.