Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39952240›Full record

ArticleCell chemical biology2025

Ligand-induced assembly of antibody variable fragments for the chemical regulation of biological processes.

Erik Rihtar, Tina Fink, Tina Lebar, Duško Lainšček, Živa Kolenc, Lucija Kadunc Polajnar, Roman Jerala

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell chemical biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Erik RihtarDepartment of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Tina FinkDepartment of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre for Technologies of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Tina LebarDepartment of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Duško LainščekDepartment of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre for Technologies of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Živa KolencDepartment of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Lucija Kadunc PolajnarDepartment of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Roman JeralaDepartment of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Centre for Technologies of Gene and Cell Therapy, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Electronic address: roman.jerala@ki.si.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Precise control of biological processes by the application of small molecules can increase the safety and efficiency of therapies. Adverse side effects of small molecule signals and/or immunogenicity of regulatory domains hinder their biomedical utility. Here, we designed small molecule-responsive switches, based on the conditional reassembly of human antibody variable fragments, called Fv-CID switches. The principle was validated using high-affinity antibodies against nicotine and β-estradiol to construct chemically responsive transcription factors. Further, we developed an Fv-CID switch responsive to bio-inert, clinically approved compound fluorescein, which was used to control the activity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) in vivo. This study provides a framework to regulate the expression of endogenous genes, combine multiple chemical signals, and regulate T cell-based immunotherapy in an animal cancer model using a clinically approved small molecule regulator that could be customized for regulating therapeutic proteins or cells.

Indexed as

Single-Chain AntibodiesSmall Molecule LibrariesAnimalsEstradiolFluoresceinHumansLigandsMiceNicotineReceptors, Chimeric AntigenT-LymphocytesEstradiolFluoresceinLigandsNicotineReceptors, Chimeric AntigenSingle-Chain AntibodiesSmall Molecule Librariesantibodiesbispecific T cell engagersBiTEscancer immunotherapyCAR T cellchemically induced dimerizationchimeric antigen receptor T cellmolecular switchesprotein engineering

Identifiers

PMID39952240
PMCPMC11935766

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.