Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39951388›Full record

ArticleDevelopmental medicine and child neurology2025

Gross Motor Function Measure-66 Item Sets for use with infants and toddlers at high risk for cerebral palsy: Construct validity and responsiveness.

Natalie A Koziol, Christiana D Butera, Lin-Ya Hsu, Silvana Alves Pereira, Stacey C Dusing

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In one paragraph

Article in Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

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0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Natalie A KoziolNebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families and Schools, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3275-1776
Christiana D ButeraDivision of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Lin-Ya HsuDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Silvana Alves PereiraDepartment of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
Stacey C DusingDivision of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3847-3893

Funding

Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Physical Therapy Intervention Targeting Sitting and Reaching for Young Children with Cerebral PalsyR01HD101900 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI DUSING, STACEY CHAPMAN, HARBOURNE, REGINA · 2020 to 2024
$3.0M
Efficacy of Motor and Cognitive Intervention for Infants Born Very PretermR01HD093624 · NICHD · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI DUSING, STACEY CHAPMAN · 2018 to 2023
$2.7M
Sharing Developmental, Meta, and Video Data from Preterm Infants Enrolled in the SPEEDI Clinical TrialR03HD113705 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI DUSING, STACEY CHAPMAN, SPENCE, CHRISTINE M · 2023 to 2025
$295k
American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine and Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research FoundationChildren's Hospital Foundation Research GrantEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development R01HD093624Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development R01HD101900National Center for Special Education Research, Institute of Education Sciences R324A150103NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD093624NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD101900NICHD NIH HHS R03 HD113705Virginia Commonwealth University Post-Doctoral Association Research Grant
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo evaluate the construct validity and responsiveness of the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 Item Set (GMFM-66-IS), a standardized criterion-referenced observational measure, for use with children younger than 24 months with or at high risk for cerebral palsy (CP).

methodNon-experimental integrative data analysis was performed on secondary data from three clinical trials involving children with or at high risk for CP (n = 79, 42 males, mean corrected age = 11.3 months [SD = 4.9]), and one observational study of typically developing children (n = 32, 14 males, mean age = 5.7 months [SD = 0.8]). The GMFM-66-IS and comparator instrument (gross motor subtest from the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition [Bayley-III] or Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Fourth Edition [Bayley-4], depending on the study) were administered at baseline and 3 months later. Comparator groups were based on neurological impairment, clinical rating of gross motor change, and CP status. Correlations (r) and regression-adjusted standardized mean differences (Hedges' g) were computed.

resultsGMFM-66-IS and Bayley scores were correlated at baseline (r = 0.83), 3 months later (r = 0.88), and across time (r = 0.83). Children with mild impairment had higher mean GMFM-66-IS scores at baseline (g = 0.87) and 3 months later (g = 0.95). Children rated as demonstrating greater than expected gross motor change had larger mean GMFM-66-IS change scores than children demonstrating less than expected change (g = 0.62). Typically developing children had larger mean GMFM-66-IS change scores (g = 1.00).

interpretationGMFM-66-IS scores were supported by evidence of strong construct validity and moderate responsiveness.

Indexed as

Cerebral PalsyDisability EvaluationMotor SkillsChild DevelopmentChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantMaleReproducibility of ResultsSeverity of Illness Index

Identifiers

PMID39951388
PMCPMC12237220

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.