Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39951131›Full record

ArticleArchives of microbiology2025

Standardizing biofilm quantification: harmonizing crystal violet absorbance measurements through extinction coefficient ratio adjustment.

Teena George, Visnuvinayagam Sivam, Murugadas Vaiyapuri, R Anandan, Gopalan Krishnan Sivaraman, Toms C Joseph

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Archives of microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. First Report and Integrated Characterization ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
    Article
  3. 2'-Fucosyllactose AttenuatesMicroorganisms · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Biofilm-mediated resistance to berberine inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Study on resistance mechanisms and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistantFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Teena GeorgeMicrobiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Kochi, 682 029, Kerala, India.
Visnuvinayagam SivamMicrobiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Kochi, 682 029, Kerala, India. visnuvinayagam@yahoo.co.in.
Murugadas VaiyapuriMicrobiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Kochi, 682 029, Kerala, India.
R AnandanMicrobiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Kochi, 682 029, Kerala, India.
Gopalan Krishnan SivaramanMicrobiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Kochi, 682 029, Kerala, India.
Toms C JosephMicrobiology, Fermentation and Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Willingdon Island, Kochi, 682 029, Kerala, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Precise quantification of biofilm is critical as the formation and persistence of biofilm have significant implications in the environmental, therapeutic and industrial contexts. The microtiter plate assay using crystal violet with 33% glacial acetic acid or 94-100% ethanol as the resolubilising agent is widely used for the categorisation of biofilms into weak, moderate and strong categories. But, the use of varying wavelengths for the measurement of biofilm resulted in discrepancies in categorisation across the studies due to the difference in the extinction coefficient of CV. This study emphasises the importance of measuring the biofilm at the absorbance maximum (λ

Indexed as

BiofilmsEscherichia coliGentian VioletStaphylococcus aureusAcetic AcidEthanolAcetic AcidEthanolGentian VioletBiofilmCrystal violetExtinction coefficientSpectrophotometer

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.