ArticleAnnals of Indian Academy of Neurology2025
Long-Term Outcome of Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.
Article in Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy for Epilepsy: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Approaches.Brain sciences · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesIn this study, we aimed to assess the long-term outcome of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE).
methodsA retrospective analysis of outcome data of 24 patients with DRE, who had been implanted with VNS and had at least 5 years of post-surgery follow-up was performed. The seizure outcome at the latest follow-up was classified as class I-V as proposed by John C. McHugh. The cognitive, psychiatric, and behavioral outcomes were recorded using standardized tests.
resultsMean age at the time of VNS implantation was 18.7 (6-38) years; nine (37.5%) of the patients were females. Mean duration of epilepsy was 13.6 years (range: 2.5-35 years); 18 (75%) patients had multiple (≥2) seizure types and 15 (62.5%) had daily seizures. The most common etiology was perinatal hypoxic injury (15, 62.5%). More than 50% seizure reduction (class 1 and 2) was noted in 54.2% of patients at 1 year, which increased to 75% at ≥5 years follow-up. A significantly higher number of patients with other etiologies had >50% reduction in seizures at the latest follow-up, when compared to those with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (53.3% vs. 100%, P = 0.0024). The average intelligence quotient (IQ; 71.17 ± 28.92 vs. 64.65 ± 29.61, P = 0.014) and quality of life (66.64 ± 14.63 vs. 64.65 ± 29.61, P < 0.001) scores were significantly higher in patients post-VNS implantation, when compared to their baseline scores. Furthermore, significant number of patients had improvement in psychiatric diagnosis (29.2% vs. 4.2%, P = 0.047) and behavioral problems (50% vs. 4.2%, P < 0.001) post-VNS implantation.
conclusionsThe present study shows >50% seizure reduction in 75% of patients after VNS implantation at long-term follow-up, with improvement in IQ, quality of life, psychiatric and behavioral problems.
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