ArticleOphthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)2025
Validation of real-time viewing distance and ambient illumination measurement with two wearable sensors.
Article in Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Ocular light and optical radiation exposure as a modifiable environmental determinant of health: expert consensus on research gaps and priorities.BMC medicine · 2026Guideline
- Validation of a Multimodal Wearable Device for Assessing Environmental and Behavioral Risk Factors of Myopia in Children and Adolescents.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- Beyond Screen Time: A Measurement Framework for Behavioral Exposures in Childhood Myopia.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Navigating the Lens Labyrinth: A Practical Approach to Intraocular Lens Classification and Selection.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Validation of real-time viewing distance and ambient illumination measurement with two wearable sensors.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo report the repeatability and accuracy of viewing distance and ambient illumination measured with the Vivior and Clouclip wearable sensors in a controlled laboratory setting and while young adults performed different near visual tasks.
methodsFor Study 1, viewing distance and ambient illumination were measured repeatedly for 2 days with two sensors mounted on a mannequin. Results were compared with standard measures (ruler, lux meter) using linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis. In Study 2, viewing distances were captured in 13 young adults while they performed four near tasks for 20 min each (reading a printed article, reading an article on an iPad, typing on a laptop or watching videos on an iPad) under three illuminations (500, 250 and 25 lux). Results were compared between the devices and with a standard ruler and differences tested statistically using ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison tests.
resultsIn Study 1, a positive linear relationship was observed between viewing distances measured by each sensor and the standard ruler (mean [SD] difference of -0.12 cm [0.23] for Vivior, -0.18 cm [0.51] for Clouclip), with good repeatability (mean [SD] difference between 2 days was 0.02 cm [0.24] for Vivior, -0.14 cm [0.35] for Clouclip). A positive linear relationship was also observed between illumination measured by each sensor and the luxmeter (mean [SD] difference of -16.85 lux [325.5] for Vivior, 39.12 lux [335.6] for Clouclip). In Study 2, the viewing distances during the four near tasks were not significantly different between the three methods used. Shorter working distances were measured with all methods when reading a printed article compared to typing on a laptop and watching a video on the iPad (all p < 0.05).
conclusionVivior and Clouclip are recommended for real-time capture of near vision duration, distance and light exposure in future studies aiming to understand the effect of habitual visual environment.
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