ArticleEchocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)2025
Reference Ranges of Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain by Contemporary Vendor-Neutral Echocardiography Software in Healthy Subjects.
Article in Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Left ventricular strain and chamber dimensions in pediatric sickle cell disease: age-related reduction in myocardial deformation independent of hemolysis and hydroxyurea therapy.Haematologica · 2026Article
- Sex-Related Differences in Myocardial Deformation and Systolic Function in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Global Longitudinal Strain and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- A Pathway for Improving Performance and Interpretation of Strain in a Pediatric Echocardiography Laboratory.Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLeft ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) by speckle-tracking transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is an established measure of left ventricular systolic function with many clinical applications. Strain software has evolved to achieve vendor-neutrality in recent developments, although there is a notable absence of external validation studies. We assessed the normal ranges and associated factors of two-dimensional LVGLS quantification by TomTec, EchoPAC, VVI, and Epsilon contemporary strain software in a healthy cross-sectional cohort.
methodsOne hundred healthy subjects undergoing TTE during January-April 2023 at our institution were cross-sectionally recruited, 20 per age-group, 50% were female, and 50% had GE and 50% Philips scans. TomTec version 51.02 (Autostrain LV), EchoPAC version 206 (AFI-LV), VVI version (V.2.00-070730), and Epsilon (5.0.2.11295) were utilized to quantify two-dimensional LVGLS in all patients for comparative and regression analyses.
resultsMeans and lower limits of normal (95% confidence intervals) of LVGLS were -17.1% (-17.5%, -16.7%) and -14.7% (-15.4%, -14.0%) for TomTec; -17.8% (-18.4%, -17.2%) and -14.4% (-15.3%, -13.5%) for EchoPAC; -16.3% (-16.9%, -15.7%) and -13.0% (-13.9%, -12.1%) for VVI; and -17.0% (-17.6%, -16.4%) and -12.8% (-13.8%, -11.8%) for Epsilon. Factors significantly associated with LVGLS measurements in multivariable regression analyses with their beta-coefficients (95% CI) were female -1.36 (-2.12, -0.59), heart rate (per 10 bpm) with a coefficient of 0.38 (0.10-0.66), left ventricular ejection fraction (per 10%) -1.03 (-1.72, -0.34), and EchoPAC (vs. TomTec) -0.62 (-1.2, 0.0), VVI (vs. TomTec) 0.82 (0.23, 1.41) and Epsilon (vs. TomTec) 0.13 (-0.45, 0.72).
conclusionLVGLS measurements were feasible across all four strain software on both GE and Philips scans in this study. Reference ranges to define normal, abnormal, and borderline LVGLS values along with associated factors in healthy patients are reported to enable clinical applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.