Trial reportBMC oral health2025
Investigating the effect of propolis-containing chewing gum in comparison with propolis-containing mouthwash on reducing gingival inflammation in patients with gingivitis.
Trial report in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Propolis as a Natural Remedy in Reducing Dental Plaque and Gingival Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Propolis as an Adjunct in Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy: Current Clinical Perspectives from a Narrative Review.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Efficacy of Oral Intake of Hydrogen-Rich Jelly Intake on Gingival Inflammation: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled and Exploratory Randomized Clinical Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this parallel clinical trial is to investigate the effectiveness of propolis-containing chewing gum and mouthwash in reducing gingival inflammation in patients with gingivitis referred to the Periodontology Department of Yazd Dental School in 2022.
methodsFor this purpose, a total of 20 patients were randomly assigned to either the mouthwash group or the chewing gum group. Plaque index (PI), papillary bleeding index (PBI), and gingival index (GI) were recorded before and after one week of using the assigned product, followed by scaling and root planing (SRP). Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square, T-Test, Mann-Whitney, Paired Samples, and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests.
resultsBoth groups showed significant reduction in PI (p-value = 0.0001), PBI (p-value = 0.0001), and GI (p-value = 0.003 for chewing gum group and p-value = 0.006 for mouthwash group). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of PI (p-value = 0.686), PBI (p-value = 0.737), and GI (p-value = 1.000).
conclusionIt can be concluded that both propolis-containing chewing gum and mouthwash can effectively reduce dental plaque, papillary bleeding, and gingival inflammation in patients with gingivitis. No significant difference was observed between the two products in terms of effectiveness.
trial registrationThe study was registered at IRCT (IRCT20220420054592N1).It was retrospectively registered on 11/6/2022.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.